Health and Human Development flashcards

What this deck covers

• Unit 3: Australia's health in a globalised world - AoS 1 Understanding health and wellbeing (34 cards, 7 dot points)

  • Biological, sociocultural (including commercial) and environmental factors behind variations in health status (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (5)
  • Evaluating Australia's health status with data and analysing variations between population groups (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (5)
  • Health and wellbeing as a resource: individual, national and global benefits (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (4)
  • Health and wellbeing, illness and the five dimensions: dynamic and subjective concepts (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (5)
  • Health status indicators: incidence, prevalence, DALY, HALE, mortality and self-assessed health (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (5)
  • How overweight, obesity and nutritional imbalance contribute to Australia's health status (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (5)
  • How smoking, vaping and alcohol contribute to Australia's health status (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1) (5)
• Unit 3: Australia's health in a globalised world - AoS 2 Promoting health in Australia (45 cards, 9 dot points)

  • Challenges in bringing about nutritional change (sociocultural, environmental and commercial factors) for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • Closing the Gap and programs to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples' health for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • Funding, sustainability, access and equity of the Australian health system for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • Healthy eating initiatives: the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the Guides to Healthy Eating for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • Old public health and improvements in Australia's health status since 1900 for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • The Australian health system Medicare PBS NDIS and private health insurance for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • The biomedical approach and the social model of health for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion action areas and the role of health promotion for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
  • Tobacco and vaping health promotion in Australia for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2 (5)
• Unit 4: Health and human development in a global context - AoS 1 Global health and human development (30 cards, 6 dot points)

  • Access to safe water, sanitation, poverty and discrimination as factors in global health status and human development for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1 (5)
  • Characteristics of low-, middle- and high-income countries for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1 (5)
  • Implications of global trends for health and human development for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1 (5)
  • Similarities and differences in health status and human development in low-, middle- and high-income countries, including Australia, for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1 (5)
  • The concept and dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic) for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1 (5)
  • The Human Development Index and human development for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1 (5)
• Unit 4: Health and human development in a global context - AoS 2 Health and the Sustainable Development Goals (39 cards, 8 dot points)

  • Australia's overseas aid program and the SDGs for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)
  • Features of effective aid programs and how to evaluate them for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)
  • Individual and social action to promote health and human development for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)
  • Relationships between SDG 3 and SDGs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 12 for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)
  • The role of non-government organisations in global health and human development for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)
  • The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and SDG 3 for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)
  • The WHO goal and six objectives (GPW 14, 2025-2028) for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (4)
  • Types of aid (bilateral, multilateral and NGO aid) and their purposes for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2 (5)

Sample cards from this deck

1. Definition

   Health and wellbeing as a resource: individual, national and global benefits (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1)

   Define Benefits

   What does a person, a country or the world gain when health and wellbeing is optimal?

2. Definition

   The Australian health system Medicare PBS NDIS and private health insurance for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2

   Define Safety nets

   The Medicare Safety Net and Extended Medicare Safety Net increase rebates for out-of-hospital services once a person or family reaches an annual threshold of out-of-pocket costs.

3. Definition

   Access to safe water, sanitation, poverty and discrimination as factors in global health status and human development for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1

   Define How it affects health status

   Contaminated water transmits diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio. Young children are most vulnerable because dehydration and loss of nutrients hit small bodies fastest. Diarrhoeal disease kills about 443,832 children under 5 every year and is the third leading cause of death in children aged 1 to 59 months; there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease each year, and diarrhoea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under 5 (WHO, March 2024). The result: higher morbidity, higher under-5 mortality, higher burden of disease and lower life expectancy in low-income countries.

4. Definition

   Australia's overseas aid program and the SDGs for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2

   Define Indo-Pacific

   Indo-Pacific (the Pacific and South-East Asia). Guided by the 2023 International Development Policy, it targets health, education, water and sanitation, gender equality, climate resilience, economic development and governance, and is delivered through bilateral, regional, multilateral and NGO partnerships. Each focus area links to specific SDGs, which is how the program supports their achievement.

5. Definition

   Health and wellbeing, illness and the five dimensions: dynamic and subjective concepts (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1)

   Define Emotional versus mental

   Recognising, managing and expressing emotions is emotional. Self-esteem, stress levels, confidence and the ability to think clearly are mental. Resilience is listed under emotional in the FAQ.

6. Definition

   The biomedical approach and the social model of health for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2

   Define Improvements in medical technology

   Improvements in medical technology (vaccines, antibiotics, imaging, surgery, medicines, intensive care) drove large falls in death rates in the twentieth century. The social model of health targets the broader determinants of health (sociocultural and environmental factors) through health promotion, policy and education across whole communities, and aims to reduce inequities; the Ottawa Charter is the social model in action. The two are complementary: the social model reduces how many people get sick, and the biomedical approach treats those who do. In the 2025 study design you need the concept of the social model, not its five principles.

7. Definition

   Similarities and differences in health status and human development in low-, middle- and high-income countries, including Australia, for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 1

   Define Health status

   Health status is an individual's or population's overall health, measured with indicators such as life expectancy, mortality (maternal, infant, under-5), morbidity and burden of disease (DALYs). Human development is about creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. It is measured most often with the HDI (life expectancy, years of schooling, GNI per capita).

8. Definition

   Features of effective aid programs and how to evaluate them for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 4 AoS 2

   Define Name the feature

   2. Show where it is in the program, quoting the stimulus.

9. Definition

   Biological, sociocultural (including commercial) and environmental factors behind variations in health status (VCE HHD Unit 3 AoS 1)

   Define Blood pressure, not hypertension

   Hypertension is a diagnosed condition; the factor is (high) blood pressure. Stated in both the 2024 examiners' report and the VCAA FAQ (February 2026).

10. Definition

    Challenges in bringing about nutritional change (sociocultural, environmental and commercial factors) for VCE Health and Human Development Unit 3 AoS 2

    Define Education, knowledge and food skills

    People with lower health literacy may find it hard to interpret nutrition information panels, understand serve sizes or plan meals. Lack of cooking skills pushes people towards pre-prepared and takeaway meals, which are generally higher in salt and saturated fat.