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The 50 most recently updated study pages, grouped by week. Each entry shows the state, the subject (where it applies), and the date the page was last updated. Want the same feed as JSON? /whats-new.json.
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- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Perspectives and critical readings in HSC English Advanced Module B
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module B dot point on critical readings. What it means to engage with other readers' perspectives, why doing so strengthens rather than weakens a personal response, and how to cite or gesture toward critical traditions without dropping into name-checking.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Representation of human concerns in HSC English Advanced Module B
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module B dot point on human concerns. What "concern" means as a critical term, how representation differs from theme, and how to argue concerns without producing the dreaded theme paragraph.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Textual integrity in HSC English Advanced Module B
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module B dot point on textual integrity. What the term actually names, why it is the engine of every Module B essay, and how to argue integrity without resorting to vague claims about a text's "depth" or "power".
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Audience, purpose, and context in HSC English Advanced Module C
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module C dot point on audience, purpose, and context. How to identify and address an audience, how to make purpose visible, and how to handle context inside a short crafted piece.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Discursive writing in HSC English Advanced Module C
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module C dot point on discursive writing. What the mode actually requires, the structural moves that separate strong discursive pieces from weak ones, and how to handle voice in a form that resists fixed conventions.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Learning from mentor texts in HSC English Advanced Module C
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module C dot point on mentor texts. How to read prescribed texts as models for your own writing, the specific moves worth borrowing, and how to make use of them without producing a pastiche.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Persuasive writing in HSC English Advanced Module C
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module C dot point on persuasive writing. What persuasive craft actually means in this context, the structural moves that work, and how to write with persuasive force without sliding into Year 10 opinion piece.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
The reflection statement in HSC English Advanced Module C
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module C dot point on reflection. What the reflection statement is for, the specific moves that distinguish a strong reflection, and how to handle the form under exam conditions.
- NSWEnglishSyllabus dot point
Constructing voice, tone, and mood in HSC English Advanced Module C
A focused answer to the HSC English Advanced Module C dot point on voice, tone, and mood. What the three terms actually name, the specific linguistic levers that build each, and how to hold them consistently across a short piece.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Communist victory in China 1949: HSC Modern History Cold War in Asia
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the extension of the Cold War to Asia, the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War (1 October 1949), the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (14 February 1950), NSC-68 (April 1950), and the impact on American policy that produced rearmament and the Korean War.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Korean War 1950-1953: HSC Modern History Cold War in Asia
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the Korean War (25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953), the United Nations response under American command, the Chinese intervention (October 1950), the stalemate at the 38th parallel, and the militarisation of containment under NSC-68 that produced a tripled American defence budget and rearmed West Germany.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Berlin Wall 1961: HSC Modern History Cold War Crisis
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the Berlin Wall (13 August 1961), the haemorrhage of East German refugees that produced the crisis, Khrushchev's failed 1958 ultimatum and the Vienna Summit of June 1961, the Kennedy administration's accommodation through the three essentials, and the Wall as the de facto solution to the German question.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the Cuban Missile Crisis (16 to 28 October 1962), the Soviet decision to deploy missiles in Cuba, the U-2 discovery, the naval quarantine, the secret deal on Jupiter missiles in Turkey, and the impact on superpower relations through the Moscow hotline and the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Detente, SALT and Helsinki 1972-1979: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on detente, the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I, 26 May 1972; SALT II, 18 June 1979), the Helsinki Final Act (1 August 1975), the role of Nixon, Kissinger, Brezhnev, Carter, and the collapse of detente by the late 1970s through the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (December 1979) and the failure of SALT II ratification.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Collapse of the USSR 1991: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the rise of nationalism in the Baltics, Russia, and Ukraine, the Novo-Ogaryovo process, the August 1991 coup attempt against Gorbachev, the rise of Boris Yeltsin, the Belavezha Accords (8 December 1991), and the formal end of the USSR on 25 December 1991.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Gorbachev, glasnost and perestroika 1985-1989: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on Gorbachev's accession (11 March 1985), the reform programmes of glasnost and perestroika, New Thinking in foreign policy, the Reykjavik Summit (October 1986), the INF Treaty (8 December 1987), the Sinatra Doctrine replacing the Brezhnev Doctrine, and the bilateral process that brought the Cold War to a managed end.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Berlin Wall: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the revolutions of 1989, the Polish round-table elections (June 1989), the Hungarian opening of the Austrian border (10 September), the fall of the Berlin Wall (9 November), the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (November), and the Romanian revolution (December) that ended communist rule across Eastern Europe.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Cold War historiography: orthodox, revisionist, post-revisionist
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on historical interpretations, the orthodox school of the 1950s blaming Stalin, the revisionist school of the 1960s and 1970s blaming American economic imperialism, the post-revisionist synthesis of the 1980s, and the post-archive reassessment after 1991 reaffirming Stalin's responsibility while acknowledging structural causes.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Berlin Blockade and NATO 1948-1949: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 to 12 May 1949), the Berlin Airlift, the formation of NATO (4 April 1949), and the division of Germany into the FRG (23 May 1949) and the GDR (7 October 1949) as the moment the Cold War became militarised in Europe.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Iron Curtain and containment 1946-1947: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the rhetoric and ideology of the early Cold War, George Kennan's Long Telegram from Moscow (22 February 1946), Churchill's Iron Curtain speech at Fulton, Missouri (5 March 1946), Novikov's parallel Soviet telegram (September 1946), and the development of containment as American grand strategy.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan 1947: HSC Modern History Cold War
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the Truman Doctrine (March 1947) and the Marshall Plan (June 1947), the doctrine of containment derived from Kennan's Long Telegram and X article, the Soviet response through Cominform and Comecon, and the consolidation of the Western and Eastern blocs.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Origins of the Cold War, Yalta and Potsdam 1945: HSC Modern History
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on origins, the wartime conferences at Yalta (February 1945) and Potsdam (July to August 1945), and the breakdown of the Grand Alliance through ideological, strategic, and personal divisions between the United States, Britain, and the USSR.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Vietnam and Afghanistan: HSC Modern History Cold War proxy wars
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on proxy wars in the Third World, the Vietnam War (American escalation 1965, Tet 1968, withdrawal 1973, fall of Saigon 1975), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (invasion 24 December 1979, withdrawal 15 February 1989), and the symmetrical strategic damage the two wars caused to American confidence and Soviet capacity.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
2003 Iraq War, invasion and fall of Baghdad: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the 2003 Iraq War. The Coalition order of battle, the 20 March 2003 invasion, the V Corps drive on Baghdad, the Marine advance through Nasiriyah, the Thunder Run on 5-7 April, the fall of Baghdad on 9 April, the looting, the 1 May 2003 Mission Accomplished speech, and the Coalition Provisional Authority under Bremer.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
9/11 and the War on Terror: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on 9/11 and the War on Terror. The al-Qaeda attacks of 11 September 2001, the invasion of Afghanistan and Operation Enduring Freedom, the Bush Doctrine and the National Security Strategy of September 2002, the Axis of Evil speech of January 2002, and the road from 9/11 to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Bush 41 and the New World Order: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on President George H. W. Bush. The 5 August 1990 line in the sand, the Coalition assembly with Baker and Scowcroft, the September 1990 New World Order speech, UNSCR 678 brinkmanship, the Highway of Death and the 28 February 1991 ceasefire, and the post-war containment policy.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Bush 43 and the decision for war: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on President George W. Bush and the road to the 2003 Iraq war. The Vulcans (Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Rice), the WMD case, UN Resolution 1441 of November 2002, Powell's UN Security Council address of 5 February 2003, the failure to win a second resolution, and the 17 March 2003 ultimatum that launched the invasion.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Impact of the Gulf conflicts on civilians: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on civilians. Iranian and Iraqi war dead, Halabja and al-Anfal, the 1991 uprisings, the humanitarian crisis under UN sanctions, the 2003 invasion, the 2006-07 sectarian war casualties, and refugee flows.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Iraqi insurgency and sectarian civil war 2003-2008: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the Iraqi insurgency. The Sunni insurgency from 2003, al-Qaeda in Iraq under Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the al-Askari shrine bombing of 22 February 2006, the sectarian civil war 2006-2007, the Surge under General David Petraeus, the Sons of Iraq Awakening, and the violence reduction by 2008.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the Iran-Iraq War. Saddam Hussein's invasion of 22 September 1980, the Iranian counter-offensive of 1982, the trench-warfare stalemate, the War of the Cities, the Tanker War, chemical weapons, the USS Stark and USS Vincennes incidents, and the UN Resolution 598 ceasefire of 20 July 1988.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Iranian Revolution 1979: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the Iranian Revolution 1979. The fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the return of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Islamic Republic, the US embassy hostage crisis, and the strategic shock to the Gulf and the superpowers.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 1990: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Saddam's post-war debt and oil-price grievances, the April Glaspie meeting, the invasion of 2 August 1990, the annexation, the UN Security Council response (Resolutions 660, 661, 662, 678), and the formation of the 35-nation Coalition under Bush 41.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. His clerical formation, exile from 1964, the doctrine of velayat-e faqih, the return on 1 February 1979, the founding of the Islamic Republic, the conduct of the Iran-Iraq War 1980-88, the 1988 prison executions and the Rushdie fatwa, and his death on 3 June 1989.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Media and the changing nature of war in the Gulf: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on media and warfare. CNN 1991 and the pool system, Al Jazeera from 1996, embedded reporting in 2003, precision munitions, stealth aircraft, drones, IEDs, Highway of Death, Mission Accomplished, Firdos Square, Abu Ghraib, and WikiLeaks.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Operation Desert Storm 1991: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on Operation Desert Storm. The 38-day air campaign opened 17 January 1991, the 100-hour ground campaign of 24-28 February 1991, precision-guided munitions and stealth aircraft, the Highway of Death, and President Bush 41's decision to end the war with Saddam still in power.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Role of oil and OPEC: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on oil. The strategic dependence on Gulf oil, OPEC quotas and Iraqi-Kuwaiti disputes, oil-price spikes around each conflict, the Tanker War and Operation Earnest Will, the burning of the Kuwaiti oil fields in 1991, the role of oil in the 2003 war debate, and the Carter Doctrine security guarantee.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Saddam Hussein and Baathist Iraq: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on Saddam Hussein. His rise through the Baath Party, the takeover of July 1979, the Baathist police state, the cult of personality, the al-Anfal genocide against the Kurds, the suppression of the 1991 Shia uprising, and the three wars that defined the regime.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
UN sanctions and no-fly zones 1991-2003: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the containment of Iraq. UN Resolution 687 of 3 April 1991, UNSCOM weapons inspections under Rolf Ekeus and Richard Butler, the Northern and Southern No-Fly Zones, the Oil-for-Food Programme of 1995, the humanitarian crisis, Operation Desert Fox 1998, and the breakdown of containment by 2003.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
US withdrawal from Iraq 2011: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf dot point on the US withdrawal from Iraq. The November 2008 US-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement, the Obama February 2009 withdrawal plan, the failure of follow-on SOFA talks in 2011, the final convoy departure of 18 December 2011, the costs of the eight-year war, and the fragile state Maliki inherited.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Appeasement and the road to war: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on appeasement. The Anschluss, the Munich Agreement, the Nazi-Soviet Pact, the invasion of Poland, and the historiographical debate between A.J.P. Taylor and Richard Overy.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Conduct of WWII and the post-war settlement: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on the conduct of WWII and the post-war settlement. The turning points (Stalingrad, Midway, D-Day), the Holocaust, the atomic bomb debate (Alperovitz vs Frank), the Nuremberg Trials, and the formation of the United Nations.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Hitler's rise to power 1919-1933: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on Hitler's rise to power. The Weimar weaknesses, the 1923 Munich Putsch, the impact of the Depression, the 1932 elections, the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933, and the verdict of historians including Kershaw, Bullock, and Evans.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
League of Nations and collective security: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on the League of Nations. The structure, the major crises (Manchuria, Abyssinia, Rhineland), the reasons for failure, and the verdict of historians including Northedge and Henig.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Mussolini's rise to power in Italy: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on Mussolini's rise to power. The Biennio Rosso, the squadristi, the March on Rome (October 1922), the Matteotti crisis, the Leggi Fascistissime (1925-1926), and the verdict of historians including Duggan and Gentile.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Nazi consolidation of power 1933-1934: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on the Nazi consolidation of power. The Reichstag Fire, the Enabling Act, Gleichschaltung, the Night of the Long Knives, and the death of Hindenburg, with the verdict of Kershaw and Bracher.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Nuremberg Laws and Nazi racial policy: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on Nazi racial policy 1933 to 1939. The 1933 boycott, the Nuremberg Laws (1935), Kristallnacht (1938), the historiographical debate between Dawidowicz and Mommsen, and the path from persecution to the Final Solution.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Stalin's rise to power in the USSR: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on Stalin's rise to power. The succession struggle after Lenin's death (1924), Lenin's Testament, Stalin's tactical alliances against Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Bukharin, and the verdict of historians including Figes and Service.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
The Nazi state 1933-1939: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on the nature of the Nazi state. The polycratic structure, the role of the SS and Gestapo, propaganda under Goebbels, economic recovery under Schacht and the Four-Year Plan, and the historiographical debate between intentionalists and structuralists.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Treaty of Versailles and the peace settlement: HSC Modern History Core Study
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Core Study dot point on the Treaty of Versailles. The terms (Article 231, reparations, territorial losses, military restrictions), the immediate political impact in Germany, and the verdict of historians such as Margaret MacMillan and A.J.P. Taylor.
- NSWModern HistorySyllabus dot point
Anti-war movement and media: HSC Modern History Indochina
A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Indochina dot point on the anti-war movement and the media. The Students for a Democratic Society, the March on the Pentagon, the Moratorium marches in Washington and Melbourne, conscription resistance, Kent State on 4 May 1970, the Pentagon Papers in 1971, and television's transformation of war reporting.
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