Berlin Wall 1961: HSC Modern History Cold War Crisis

A focused answer to the HSC Modern History Cold War dot point on the Berlin Wall (13 August 1961), the haemorrhage of East German refugees that produced the crisis, Khrushchev's failed 1958 ultimatum and the Vienna Summit of June 1961, the Kennedy administration's accommodation through the three essentials, and the Wall as the de facto solution to the German question.