Modern History flashcards

203 VCE Modern History cards across 2 modules (86 definitions, 86 key facts, 31 fill-the-gap, 0 formulas). Each session gives you 20 cards, due cards first. Swipe right for easy, left for hard, down for again. Keyboard: Space to flip, 1 to 4 to rate.

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Definition
Authoritarian regimes: Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany 1922-1939 (VCE Modern History Unit 1)
Define The Grand Council of Fascism
The Grand Council of Fascism (December 1922) created a Fascist organ that paralleled the cabinet.
Definition
Challenges of the 21st century 2001-2010: VCE Modern History Unit 2 Year 11
Define Afghanistan (October 2001)
US-led coalition invaded Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime (which had harboured Osama bin Laden) and destroy al-Qaeda. Taliban government overthrown within weeks. Bin Laden escaped (killed in Pakistan, 2011). The war continued for 20 years; the Taliban returned to power after US withdrawal in 2021.
Definition
Challenges of democracy in the 1920s: VCE Modern History Unit 1 Year 11
Define Britain
Postwar Britain faced economic decline. The General Strike (1926) showed labour tensions. The 1929 Wall Street crash hit Britain hard; the 1931 financial crisis saw the Labour government replaced by a National Government. Unemployment averaged 10 to 20 percent through the 1930s.
Definition
Challenges to existing orders 1950s-1970s: VCE Modern History Unit 2 Year 11
Define Brown v Board of Education (1954)
Supreme Court ruled school segregation unconstitutional.
Definition
Collapse of collective security and the path to WWII 1931-1939 (VCE Modern History Unit 1)
Define Donald Cameron Watt
Donald Cameron Watt (How War Came, 1989) examines the diplomacy of the final year (March 1939 to September 1939) and emphasises the failures of Anglo-French diplomacy with the USSR.
Definition
Cold War crises 1956-1962: Hungary, Berlin, Cuba (VCE Modern History Unit 2)
Define Black Saturday (27 October 1962)
A U-2 piloted by Rudolf Anderson was shot down over Cuba; Anderson was killed. A Soviet B-59 submarine off Cuba was depth-charged by the destroyer USS Beale. The submarine carried a nuclear-armed torpedo. Two of three Soviet officers (Captain Savitsky and political officer Maslennikov) voted to fire; second-in-command Vasili Arkhipov refused. Robert Kennedy met Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin that night and conveyed a deal: public US no-invasion pledge in exchange for Soviet missile withdrawal, plus a secret promise to remove Jupiter missiles from Turkey within months (executed by April 1963, presented publicly as a routine NATO decision).
Definition
Consequences of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles 1919: VCE Modern History Unit 1
Define Reparations
Reparations were fixed at 132 billion gold marks (London Schedule of Payments, 5 May 1921), payable over decades.
Definition
Cold War in Asia, China and Korea 1949-1953: VCE Modern History Unit 2
Define Chinese intervention (October to November 1950)
As UN forces approached the Yalu River, China entered the war. Chinese People's Volunteers under Peng Dehuai crossed the Yalu on 19 October 1950 with around 300,000 troops. The Eighth Army was driven from North Korea by January 1951; Seoul fell again on 4 January 1951.
Definition
Early stages of WWII in Europe, 1939-1941 (VCE Modern History Unit 1)
Define Britain and France declared war
3 September 1939 but did not launch significant operations.
Definition
Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1949 (VCE Modern History Unit 2)
Define Potsdam (July-August 1945)
Truman (replacing the deceased Roosevelt), Churchill (then Attlee mid-conference after British election), Stalin. Confirmed German occupation; reparations; trial of Nazi war criminals (Nuremberg, November 1945 - October 1946).