Studies of Religion exam trends & analysis (2019–2025)
Across 2019–2025, Religion and Non-Religion (Studies of Religion II) is examined most (77 questions), ahead of Religion and Belief Systems in Australia post-1945 (77 questions) and Buddhism Depth Study (28 questions). By topic, Religion and Non-Religion and the search for meaning: HSC Studies of Religion, The changing religious landscape of Australia post-1945: HSC Studies of Religion and Aboriginal spirituality, the Dreaming and the effect of dispossession: HSC Studies of Religion come up most, with Ecumenism, interfaith dialogue and reconciliation in Australia: HSC Studies of Religion and Reasons for the rise of non-religion: HSC Studies of Religion also recurring.
Based on 301 questions across 7 official NESA exam papers, their marking guidelines and marking feedback.
Work in progress
These exam-trend insights are an early release. The frequencies, mark ranges and figures are still being verified against the official NESA past papers and may change. Treat them as a study guide, not a guarantee of what will be examined.
Most-examined dot points
By module
Marks add up every optional topic offered across these years; students choose only some, so no single exam is this long. Question counts are the most comparable measure.
Every dot point, by exam frequency
Click any dot point for the full verbatim syllabus wording, worked answers and past questions.
Showing 29 of 29 dot points
| Dot point | Times | Marks | Years | Most common mistake |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion and Non-Religion and the search for meaning: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-and-non-religion Included both a religious and non-religious worldview; weak links | 59× | 1–5 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Included both a religious and non-religious worldview; weak links |
| The changing religious landscape of Australia post-1945: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-in-australia Lacked census data and range of specific religious traditions | 30× | 1–5 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Lacked census data and range of specific religious traditions |
| Aboriginal spirituality, the Dreaming and the effect of dispossession: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-in-australia Did not give specific examples or use the stimulus to support | 29× | 1–5 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Did not give specific examples or use the stimulus to support |
| Ecumenism, interfaith dialogue and reconciliation in Australia: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-in-australia Referred to only one tradition; lacked range of relevant examples | 18× | 1–5 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Referred to only one tradition; lacked range of relevant examples |
| Reasons for the rise of non-religion: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-and-non-religion | 11× | 1 | 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 | — |
| Hindu ethical teachings on environmental ethics: HSC Studies of Religionhinduism Confused an ethical teaching with an ethical issue | 10× | 2–20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Confused an ethical teaching with an ethical issue |
| Islamic ethical teachings on sexual ethics: HSC Studies of Religionislam Did not clearly illustrate the link between parts (ai) and (aii) | 10× | 2–20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Did not clearly illustrate the link between parts (ai) and (aii) |
| Jewish ethical teachings on bioethics: HSC Studies of Religionjudaism Lacked detail and evidence; weak grasp of 'what is good' | 10× | 2–20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Lacked detail and evidence; weak grasp of 'what is good' |
| Christian ethical teachings on bioethics: HSC Studies of Religionchristianity Provided an ethical issue rather than a specific teaching | 9× | 2–20 | 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Provided an ethical issue rather than a specific teaching |
| Temple puja as a significant practice in Buddhism: HSC Studies of Religionbuddhism Made general statements about Buddhism rather than relevant detail | 9× | 3–8 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Made general statements about Buddhism rather than relevant detail |
| A significant person in Hinduism, Mohandas Gandhi: HSC Studies of Religionhinduism Extensive biographical detail and description | 8× | 3–20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Extensive biographical detail and description |
| Baptism as a significant practice in Christianity: HSC Studies of Religionchristianity Did not use aspects of the stimulus | 8× | 3–8 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Did not use aspects of the stimulus |
| Buddhist ethical teachings on environmental ethics: HSC Studies of Religionbuddhism Did not provide a sustained integration of the stimulus | 8× | 2–20 | 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Did not provide a sustained integration of the stimulus |
| Hajj as a significant practice in Islam: HSC Studies of Religionislam Overly described the practice rather than addressing the question | 8× | 3–8 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Overly described the practice rather than addressing the question |
| A significant person in Buddhism, the Dalai Lama: HSC Studies of Religionbuddhism Excessive biographical detail; did not use the stimulus | 7× | 5–20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Excessive biographical detail; did not use the stimulus |
| A significant person in Judaism, Moses Maimonides: HSC Studies of Religionjudaism Lacked detail and supporting scripture/quotes for the contribution | 7× | 3–20 | 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Lacked detail and supporting scripture/quotes for the contribution |
| New atheism as a non-religious worldview: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-and-non-religion NESA accepted both options D and B | 7× | 1–5 | 2019, 2020, 2022, 2024, 2025 | NESA accepted both options D and B |
| A significant person in Islam, Aisha bint Abu Bakr: HSC Studies of Religionislam Lengthy biographical narrative; narrow range of contributions | 6× | 5–20 | 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Lengthy biographical narrative; narrow range of contributions |
| Marriage as a significant practice in Judaism: HSC Studies of Religionjudaism Did not link practice to beliefs, rules and laws in adherents' lives | 6× | 3–8 | 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Did not link practice to beliefs, rules and laws in adherents' lives |
| Paul of Tarsus as a significant person in Christianity: HSC Studies of Religionchristianity Overly descriptive and biographical content | 6× | 5–20 | 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Overly descriptive and biographical content |
| Principal beliefs and sacred texts of Christianity: HSC Studies of Religionchristianity Generalised description; relied on Preliminary content | 5× | 20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 | Generalised description; relied on Preliminary content |
| Principal beliefs and sacred texts of Hinduism: HSC Studies of Religionhinduism Information too general; weak essay structure | 5× | 20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 | Information too general; weak essay structure |
| Principal beliefs and sacred texts of Judaism: HSC Studies of Religionjudaism Did not sustain links to stimulus; lacked detailed HSC content | 5× | 20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 | Did not sustain links to stimulus; lacked detailed HSC content |
| Religion and Peace in Christianity and Islam: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-and-peace Descriptive; imbalanced between the two traditions | 5× | 20 | 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 | Descriptive; imbalanced between the two traditions |
| Temple worship (puja) as a significant practice in Hinduism: HSC Studies of Religionhinduism Did not make explicit connections between practice and beliefs | 5× | 3–8 | 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | Did not make explicit connections between practice and beliefs |
| Principal beliefs and sacred texts of Buddhism: HSC Studies of Religionbuddhism Focused on Preliminary content; generalised description | 4× | 20 | 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 | Focused on Preliminary content; generalised description |
| Principal beliefs and sacred texts of Islam: HSC Studies of Religionislam Did not sustain the concept of 'the truth'; Preliminary content focus | 4× | 20 | 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 | Did not sustain the concept of 'the truth'; Preliminary content focus |
| Inner peace in Christianity and Islam: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-and-peace Did not apply sacred-text references accurately throughout | 2× | 20 | 2024, 2025 | Did not apply sacred-text references accurately throughout |
| World peace and religious organisations in Christianity and Islam: HSC Studies of Religionreligion-and-peace | — | — | not yet | — |
