Chemistry flashcards

204 WACE Chemistry cards across 2 modules (50 definitions, 78 key facts, 35 fill-the-gap, 41 formulas). Each session gives you 20 cards, due cards first. Swipe right for easy, left for hard, down for again. Keyboard: Space to flip, 1 to 4 to rate.

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Definition
Acid-base indicators: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Acid-base indicator
A weak acid (or base) whose acid form and conjugate base form have distinctly different colours, so that the colour observed depends on the pH of the solution.
Definition
Addition reactions of alkenes: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Addition reaction
A reaction in which a molecule adds across a carbon-carbon double (or triple) bond, breaking the multiple bond and forming new single bonds. The whole adding molecule is incorporated, so there is no by-product.
Definition
Acids, bases and pH: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Strong acids
Strong acids (such as $\text{HCl}$ , $\text{HNO}_3$ , $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ ) ionise essentially completely. Their reaction with water is written with a single arrow: $\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{H}^+ + \text{Cl}^-$ .
Definition
Alcohols: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Oxidation of an alcohol
The removal of hydrogen (or addition of oxygen) from the carbon bearing the -OH group, converting the C-OH into a C=O.
Definition
Buffer solutions: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Buffer solution
A solution that resists changes in pH on the addition of small amounts of acid or base, made from a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) in similar concentrations.
Definition
Amines and amides: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Amide (peptide) linkage
The -CO-NH- bond formed when the carboxyl group of one molecule joins the amino group of another, releasing water. When this links amino acids it is called a peptide bond.
Definition
Chemical equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Concentration
Adding a reactant shifts the position of equilibrium towards the products (the system consumes some of the added reactant). Removing a product also shifts towards products. Adding a product, or removing a reactant, shifts back towards reactants. Importantly, changing a concentration does not change $K_c$ .
Definition
Carboxylic acids and esters: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Esterification
The reversible, acid-catalysed reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water. Because it reaches equilibrium, the yield is limited unless conditions are adjusted.
Definition
Conjugate acid-base pairs and amphiprotic species: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Amphiprotic species
A species that can act as either a Bronsted-Lowry acid (donating a proton) or a base (accepting a proton), depending on the other reactant.
Definition
Functional groups and homologous series: WACE Year 12 Chemistry
Define Functional group
A specific atom or group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties and characteristic reactions. The rest of the molecule (the carbon skeleton) is comparatively unreactive.