Design, conduct, evaluate and communicate a student-designed practical investigation in chemistry, related to production of energy and/or chemicals, or analysis/synthesis of organic compounds, inspired by a contemporary chemical challenge

What this dot point is asking

The VCE Chemistry 2023-2027 Study Design moved the student-designed practical investigation to be undertaken in Unit 3 OR Unit 4 OR across both. This is an important change from the previous study design where AoS 3 was fixed in Unit 4. The investigation must generate primary data and be inspired by a contemporary chemical challenge.

The answer

Where it sits

• AoS 3 location: Unit 3, Unit 4, or spanning both. Schools choose timing.
• The investigation must involve generation of primary data (qualitative and/or quantitative).
• Must be linked to at least one of:
  • production of energy
  • production of chemicals
  • analysis of organic compounds
  • synthesis of organic compounds
• Must be inspired by a contemporary chemical challenge or issue (e.g. sustainable fuel, pharmaceutical development, plastic circular economy, green-chemistry process improvement).
• Draws on knowledge from across Units 3 and 4 (electrochemistry, equilibrium, organic chemistry, analytical techniques, medicinal chemistry, sustainability).
• Lab and/or field work permitted.
• Assessment instrument is, in practice, a scientific poster supported by a logbook (VCAA does not prescribe; schools choose specific format).

The Key Science Skills VCAA expects

VCAA shares Key Science Skills across all VCE sciences, contextualised for Chemistry:

1. Develop research questions, formulate hypotheses, predictions.
2. Plan and conduct investigations: method, variables, materials, procedure.
3. Comply with safety and ethical guidelines.
4. Generate, collate and record data with appropriate precision.
5. Analyse and evaluate data and investigation methods.
6. Construct evidence-based arguments and conclusions linked to chemistry concepts.
7. Communicate scientific ideas in standard format with chemistry terminology.

Choosing a Chemistry investigation

A strong VCE Chemistry investigation:

• Asks one specific chemistry question.
• Generates quantitative primary data (titrations, spectroscopy values, mass measurements, rate measurements).
• Connects to a Unit 3 or Unit 4 concept clearly.
• Engages a contemporary chemical challenge (helps with the introduction and discussion sections).
• Is safe and feasible with school equipment.

Worked example questions:

• Energy. "What is the energy density of bioethanol compared with petrol per gram of fuel?" Uses bomb calorimetry or simple combustion calorimetry. Contemporary challenge: renewable fuel transition.
• Energy. "How does electrolyte concentration affect the voltage and current output of a zinc-copper galvanic cell?" Unit 3 electrochemistry. Contemporary challenge: battery design.
• Organic synthesis. "How does temperature affect the yield of esterification between ethanol and ethanoic acid?" Unit 4 organic synthesis. Contemporary challenge: industrial flavour and fragrance production.
• Organic analysis. "Can we distinguish aspirin from paracetamol using IR spectroscopy?" Unit 4 analytical techniques. Contemporary challenge: pharmaceutical authentication.
• Sustainability. "How does atom economy compare between two routes to the same product (e.g. aspirin from salicylic acid via acetic anhydride vs acetic acid)?" Unit 4 green chemistry. Contemporary challenge: greener pharmaceutical manufacture.

Scientific poster sections (typical)

• Title, with the contemporary chemical challenge in the framing.
• Introduction connecting the question to Unit 3/4 chemistry and the contemporary challenge.
• Aim, research question, hypothesis, prediction.
• Method overview; variables (IV, DV, controlled); safety / risk management; reagent identification.
• Results: data tables, graphs with units, uncertainty.
• Discussion: interpretation in chemistry terms; hypothesis support; comparison with published data where available.
• Conclusion: direct answer to the question.
• Evaluation: reliability, validity, precision, accuracy; specific sources of error; improvements; extensions.
• References to secondary sources.

The logbook

Required for authentication. Includes raw data, planning notes, method adjustments, observations, photos of setups, calculations. Logbook is your evidence base; without it, the poster cannot be authenticated.

Sustainability framing

VCAA's 2023-2027 design explicitly foregrounds sustainability. A Chemistry investigation that incorporates atom economy, green-chemistry principles, renewable feedstocks, or circular-economy framing is well-aligned with the AoS 3 contemporary-challenge requirement.

Examples in context

Example 1. Bioethanol vs petrol energy density. A widely-used investigation that connects Unit 3 thermochemistry to the renewable-fuel transition. Combustion calorimetry of bioethanol and petrol gives energy per gram. Discussion links to renewable-feedstock framing, transport-sector decarbonisation policy, and the trade-off between energy density and lifecycle emissions. This is the kind of contemporary-challenge framing AoS 3 rewards.

Example 2. Atom-economy investigation. Calculating atom economy of two routes to the same product (e.g. ibuprofen, aspirin, biodiesel synthesis) is a classic green-chemistry investigation. The investigation can be partly experimental (measure yield) and partly computational (calculate theoretical AE from balanced equations). Strong because it directly applies the 12 principles of green chemistry, which is content the 2023-2027 Study Design adds.

Try this

Q1. Identify two of the four allowed focus areas for the Unit 4 AoS 3 investigation. [2 marks]

• Cue. Production of energy; production of chemicals; analysis of organic compounds; synthesis of organic compounds.

Q2. Explain why VCAA requires the investigation to be "inspired by a contemporary chemical challenge". [4 marks]

• Cue. Connects classroom chemistry to real-world relevance; aligns with the Study Design's emphasis on sustainability and societal application; supports the discussion section by giving a clear framing for evaluating findings.

Q3. Design an outline investigation (research question, method overview, data analysis approach, contemporary challenge framing) on a topic of your choice. [8 marks]

• Cue. Use one of the worked-question examples above as a template. Specify variables (IV, DV, controlled), expected data, sample size / replication, statistical analysis if any, and connection to a named contemporary challenge.