Biology flashcards

79 WACE Biology cards across 2 modules (13 definitions, 62 key facts, 4 fill-the-gap, 0 formulas). Each session gives you 20 cards, due cards first. Swipe right for easy, left for hard, down for again. Keyboard: Space to flip, 1 to 4 to rate.

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What this deck covers

Unit 3: Continuity of Species (48 cards, 18 dot points)
Unit 4: Surviving in a Changing Environment (31 cards, 13 dot points)

Sample cards from this deck

Definition
Biotechnology and its applications: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Reproductive cloning
Reproductive cloning (such as somatic cell nuclear transfer, the method behind Dolly the sheep) places the nucleus of a body cell into an egg with its nucleus removed, creating an organism genetically identical to the nucleus donor.
Definition
Pathogens and disease: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Infectious (communicable) diseases
Infectious (communicable) diseases are caused by pathogens and can be passed from one organism to another (for example, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria).
Definition
DNA, genes and chromosomes: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Transcription
Transcription occurs in the nucleus. The enzyme RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA at the gene and synthesises a single strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) complementary to the template strand. RNA uses the base uracil (U) in place of thymine. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
Definition
Thermoregulation: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Ectotherms
Ectotherms (such as reptiles, fish and amphibians) gain most of their heat from the environment and rely mainly on behaviour to control body temperature.
Definition
Evidence for evolution: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Vestigial structures
Vestigial structures are reduced remnants of organs that were functional in ancestors, such as the pelvic bones of whales.
Fill the gap
The immune response: WACE Year 12 Biology
___ introduces a harmless form of an antigen (a weakened, killed or fragment of a pathogen).
Vaccination introduces a harmless form of an antigen (a weakened, killed or fragment of a pathogen).
Definition
Evolution and speciation: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Genetic drift
Genetic drift is random change in allele frequencies, strongest in small populations. Chance events can remove or fix alleles regardless of their fitness.
Key fact
Blood glucose regulation: WACE Year 12 Biology
Tell me about The control system
The pancreas monitors blood glucose and releases hormones in response. The liver is the main effector organ, storing and releasing glucose.
Definition
Genetic variation and inheritance: WACE Year 12 Biology
Define Mutation
Mutation is the ultimate source of all new alleles. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence. Point mutations alter a single base (substitution, insertion or deletion); larger chromosomal mutations affect whole segments or numbers of chromosomes. Only mutations in gametes are passed to offspring. Many mutations are neutral, some harmful, and a few beneficial, providing the raw material for evolution.
Key fact
Epidemiology and disease control: WACE Year 12 Biology
Tell me about Transmission and the chain of infection
Disease spreads along a chain: a pathogen leaves an infected host, travels by some mode of transmission, and enters a new susceptible host. Control strategies work by breaking a link in this chain.