Biology flashcards

132 SACE Biology cards across 4 modules (43 definitions, 56 key facts, 28 fill-the-gap, 5 formulas). Each session gives you 20 cards, due cards first. Swipe right for easy, left for hard, down for again. Keyboard: Space to flip, 1 to 4 to rate.

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What this deck covers

Topic 1: DNA and Proteins (35 cards, 8 dot points)
Topic 2: Cells as the Basis of Life (34 cards, 7 dot points)
Topic 3: Homeostasis (32 cards, 7 dot points)
Topic 4: Evolution (31 cards, 6 dot points)

Sample cards from this deck

Definition
DNA technologies: PCR, electrophoresis and GMOs (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Annealing (about 50 to 60 degrees Celsius)
Short single-stranded primers bind to the start and end of the target sequence, marking what to copy.
Definition
Cell organelles and their functions (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration, releasing energy as ATP from glucose. They have a double membrane; the inner membrane is folded into cristae, increasing surface area for the reactions. Cells with high energy demands, such as muscle cells, contain many mitochondria.
Definition
Blood glucose regulation (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a failure of blood glucose regulation, so glucose stays dangerously high.
Definition
Antibiotic resistance as evolution (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Antibiotics
Antibiotics are drugs that kill or stop the growth of bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of some bacteria to survive a dose of antibiotic that would normally kill them. Resistance arises from random mutations in bacterial DNA that, for example, change the target the antibiotic acts on or let the bacterium break the drug down.
Definition
Enzymes and factors affecting activity (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Induced fit model
A refinement of the simple lock-and-key idea. The active site is not perfectly rigid; it changes shape slightly to fit the substrate more snugly when the substrate binds, which helps catalyse the reaction.
Definition
Photosynthesis (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Carbon dioxide concentration
More carbon dioxide increases the rate up to a point.
Definition
Homeostasis in plants and transpiration (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Guard cells
A pair of specialised cells surrounding each stoma that change shape with their water content (turgor) to open or close the pore, controlling both gas exchange and water loss.
Definition
Evidence for evolution (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Evolution
Evolution is the change in the inherited characteristics of populations over many generations, leading to the diversity of life from common ancestors. The strength of the theory comes from many independent lines of evidence all pointing to the same conclusion.
Definition
Gene expression: transcription and translation (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Elongation
RNA polymerase moves along the template strand and adds complementary RNA nucleotides. Where the template reads C, G, T, A, the mRNA gains G, C, A, U respectively (U replaces T).
Definition
Surface area to volume ratio (SACE Stage 2 Biology)
Define Greater diffusion distance
A bigger cell has a longer path from its surface to its centre. Since diffusion time rises sharply with distance, the core of a large cell is supplied much more slowly than its edge.