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Topic 5: The Psychology of Learning

3 dot points, in syllabus order. Each dot point has a focused answer, with exam-style questions and worked answers where available.

How do we learn to associate one stimulus with another?

Explain classical conditioning using Pavlov's and Watson's research, including acquisition, extinction, generalisation and discrimination.

How classical conditioning produces learning through association, with Pavlov's dogs and Watson's Little Albert, and the processes of acquisition, extinction, generalisation and discrimination.

8 min read →

How do we learn by watching others rather than by direct experience?

Explain observational learning using Bandura's social learning theory and the four processes of attention, retention, reproduction and motivation.

How observational learning works through modelling, Bandura's Bobo doll studies, the four processes of attention, retention, reproduction and motivation, and the role of vicarious reinforcement.

8 min read →

How do the consequences of behaviour change how likely we are to repeat it?

Explain operant conditioning, including reinforcement, punishment and schedules of reinforcement, using Thorndike and Skinner.

How operant conditioning shapes voluntary behaviour through consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and schedules of reinforcement, from Thorndike to Skinner.

9 min read →