SA · SACE BoardSyllabus
Philosophy syllabus, dot point by dot point
Every dot point in the SA Philosophysyllabus, with a focused answer for each one. Click any dot point for a worked explainer, past exam questions, and links to related dot points. Written by Claude Opus 4.7, Anthropic's latest AI, published by Better Tuition Academy.
Epistemology
Module overview →- What is knowledge and is justified true belief enough to have it?Analyse the justified true belief account of knowledge and evaluate the Gettier objection6 min answer →
- Does perception give us direct knowledge of mind-independent objects, or only of our own sensory experiences?Compare direct realism, indirect realism and idealism as theories of perception and evaluate the problem of the external world6 min answer →
- Where does knowledge come from and can scepticism be answered?Contrast rationalism and empiricism and evaluate responses to sceptical doubt6 min answer →
- What justifies our confidence that the future will resemble the past, and can inductive reasoning be rationally defended?Explain Hume's problem of induction and evaluate proposed responses including Popper's falsificationism and pragmatic vindication6 min answer →
- What does it mean for a belief or statement to be true?Compare correspondence, coherence and pragmatic theories of truth and evaluate their strengths and difficulties6 min answer →
Ethics
Module overview →- How do general moral theories help us reason about concrete life and death cases such as euthanasia, abortion and animal welfare?Apply normative ethical theories to contested applied issues in bioethics and animal ethics, and evaluate the arguments on each side6 min answer →
- Are moral claims objectively true or merely expressions of attitude?Examine metaethical positions on the status of moral claims and evaluate moral relativism6 min answer →
- How should we decide what makes an action right or wrong?Compare and evaluate consequentialist, deontological and virtue-based theories of normative ethics6 min answer →
- Can we logically derive a conclusion about how things ought to be from premises only about how things are?Explain Hume's is-ought gap and Moore's naturalistic fallacy and assess whether moral facts can be reduced to natural facts6 min answer →
Metaphysics
Module overview →- Can the existence of God be established by rational argument, and how strong are the classic proofs?Explain and evaluate the cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments for the existence of God6 min answer →
- Are we free if every event is caused by prior events?Evaluate the debate between determinism, libertarianism and compatibilism about free will6 min answer →
- What makes a person at one time the same person as someone at a later time?Compare bodily, psychological and further-fact theories of personal identity and evaluate them against puzzle cases6 min answer →
- What is the relationship between the mind and the physical body?Compare dualist and physicalist theories of mind and evaluate the hard problem of consciousness6 min answer →
- Is the existence of suffering and evil compatible with an all-powerful, all-knowing and wholly good God?Distinguish the logical and evidential problems of evil and evaluate theodicies offered in response6 min answer →
- What is the nature of causation, and can causal regularity be reconciled with the freedom we attribute to agents?Explain Humean and necessitarian accounts of causation and evaluate compatibilism about free will and determinism6 min answer →
Philosophy of Mind
Module overview →- Why is there subjective experience at all, and can physical science explain what it is like to undergo a conscious state?Explain the hard problem of consciousness and evaluate the knowledge argument and the conceivability of zombies6 min answer →
- Are mental states defined by what they do rather than what they are made of, and could a machine therefore think?Explain functionalism about the mind and evaluate it using the Turing test and Searle's Chinese Room argument6 min answer →
Political Philosophy
Module overview →- How should the benefits and burdens of social cooperation be distributed across a society?Compare Rawls's justice as fairness with Nozick's entitlement theory and evaluate patterned versus historical principles of distribution6 min answer →
- What makes political authority legitimate and a society just?Evaluate social contract theories and competing conceptions of distributive justice6 min answer →
- What is the proper limit of the power society may legitimately exercise over the individual?Explain Mill's harm principle and the distinction between negative and positive liberty and evaluate limits on individual freedom6 min answer →
- What gives the state the right to rule, and do citizens have a genuine moral duty to obey the law?Evaluate theories of political legitimacy and political obligation including consent, fairness and the challenge of philosophical anarchism6 min answer →
Reasoning and Argument Analysis
Module overview →- How do we tell a good argument from a bad one?Analyse arguments for validity and soundness and identify common informal fallacies6 min answer →
- What is the difference between an argument that guarantees its conclusion and one that only makes it probable?Distinguish deductive validity from inductive strength and evaluate the main forms of inductive inference6 min answer →
- How can the validity of an argument be tested by its logical form alone?Use categorical syllogisms and propositional truth tables to test arguments for formal validity6 min answer →