Analyse anxiety as a priority issue using the determinants of health and apply the Ottawa Charter and a salutogenic approach to build community resilience

What this dot point is asking

Anxiety is one of the three Unit 3 elective topics, alongside homelessness and transport safety. If your school selects it, QCAA expects a health inquiry, not a clinical diagnosis exercise: analyse anxiety as a community health priority using the determinants of health and apply the Ottawa Charter to build resilience. The strengths-based salutogenic framing is essential here, because anxiety responds strongly to whether a community provides resources that build a sense of coherence. Strong responses keep the focus on community-level conditions and integrated action.

The answer

Anxiety as a community health issue

Anxiety is the most common mental health concern among young people, and rates of psychological distress have risen across the population. In Health you treat it as a community issue, not only an individual one, because the conditions a community creates shape how much anxiety arises and how well people cope. In salutogenic terms, a community with strong generalised resistance resources and a high collective sense of coherence keeps more of its members nearer ease even under stress.

The determinants that shape anxiety

Analyse anxiety through the determinant categories:

• Social determinants: social connection or isolation, supportive relationships, bullying, and exposure to social media pressure.
• Economic determinants: financial insecurity, study and work pressure, and the cost of accessing support.
• Environmental determinants: access to mental health services, green and safe community spaces, and the design of schools and workplaces.
• Cultural determinants: stigma around help-seeking, cultural attitudes to emotion, and whether services are culturally safe.

The strong move is showing interaction. Financial insecurity (economic) plus social isolation (social) plus stigma that blocks help-seeking (cultural) compounds anxiety in a way no single factor explains, and a long wait for services (environmental) makes it worse.

Applying the Ottawa Charter

Build resilience through integrated action:

• Build healthy public policy: school and workplace wellbeing policies and funding for accessible mental health services.
• Create supportive environments: safe, connected community spaces and school cultures that reduce bullying and pressure.
• Strengthen community action: peer-support programs and community networks that reduce isolation and build belonging.
• Develop personal skills: help-seeking skills, coping strategies and emotional literacy that build resistance resources.
• Reorient health services: early-intervention and low-barrier services, including culturally safe and youth-friendly options.

A response that links reducing stigma (cultural determinant) to reorienting services and strengthening community action, showing the areas reinforce each other, demonstrates the integration the criteria reward.

Evidencing anxiety with data

QCAA criteria reward analysis grounded in credible evidence rather than assertion. For anxiety, draw on population data such as the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare reports on psychological distress, the National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, and Mission Australia youth surveys, which consistently show mental health and coping with stress among the top concerns of young Australians. Use these to establish that anxiety is a genuine community priority, to identify which subgroups carry the greatest burden, and to judge whether a proposed action would narrow or widen the gap between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Pairing a determinant with a measurable outcome (for example linking service-access gaps to longer untreated illness) is what separates an analytical response from a descriptive one.

A salutogenic, strengths-based framing

The salutogenic model reframes the question from "what causes anxiety" to "what keeps a community well". Generalised resistance resources, such as supportive relationships, secure income, accessible services and a sense of belonging, help people manage stressors and stay nearer the ease end of the ease-dis-ease continuum. A high collective sense of coherence, made up of comprehensibility (the situation makes sense), manageability (resources are available to cope) and meaningfulness (challenges feel worth engaging with), buffers a community against rising distress. Framing action as building these resources, rather than only treating symptoms, aligns with the Unit 3 lens and lifts the analysis.