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Section II (National Study): Indonesia 1942-2005
Quick questions on Indonesian Reformasi and Democratisation 1998-2004: HSC Modern History
6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the Wahid presidency, October 1999 to July 2001?Show answer
The MPR, in which PDI-P was the largest single bloc but lacked a majority, elected Abdurrahman Wahid ("Gus Dur") of PKB as the fourth President of Indonesia on 20 October 1999. Megawati Sukarnoputri was elected Vice-President the next day after PDI-P street protests.
What is the Megawati presidency, July 2001 to October 2004?Show answer
Megawati Sukarnoputri (daughter of Sukarno) inherited a stabilising economy and a tense post-Wahid coalition. Her presidency was institutionally consequential despite a reputation for political passivity.
What are communal conflicts?Show answer
Reformasi unfolded alongside several major communal conflicts. The Ambon (Maluku) Christian-Muslim conflict from January 1999 killed around 5,000. The Poso (Central Sulawesi) Christian-Muslim violence from 1998 to 2007 killed around 1,000. The Dayak-Madurese violence in West Kalimantan (1999 to 2001) killed around 500.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is an extract from the 2002 constitutional amendment establishing direct presidential elections. Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain the institutional reforms of Reformasi. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which Reformasi between 1998 and 2004 produced a stable democratic regime in Indonesia. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Edward Aspinall and Marcus Mietzner on Indonesian democratisation. [10 marks]
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