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NSWModern HistoryQuick questions
Section III (Peace and Conflict): Conflict in the Gulf 1980-2011
Quick questions on UN sanctions and no-fly zones 1991-2003: HSC Modern History Conflict in the Gulf
8short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the Hussein Kamel defection?Show answer
Hussein Kamel al-Majid was Saddam's son-in-law and head of Iraq's WMD program. On 7 August 1995 he, his brother, and their families fled to Jordan.
What is the Oil-for-Food Programme?Show answer
UN Resolution 986 (14 April 1995) created the Oil-for-Food Programme. Iraq could sell up to 2 billion US dollars of oil every six months (raised to 5.26 billion in 1998 and uncapped in 1999); proceeds went into a UN escrow account that paid for food, medicine, infrastructure rehabilitation, reparations, and UN expenses. Iraq accepted on 20 May 1996; first oil exports under the programme began in December 1996.
What is operation Provide Comfort?Show answer
US, UK, French, Dutch, and Turkish aircraft from Incirlik Air Base in Turkey protected Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq. From 1996 it became Operation Northern Watch. The zone was north of the 36th parallel.
What is operation Southern Watch?Show answer
US, UK, French (until 1996), and Saudi aircraft from Saudi and Kuwaiti bases enforced a no-fly zone south of the 32nd parallel, extended to the 33rd parallel on 3 September 1996.
What is paul Volcker et al?Show answer
(the Independent Inquiry Committee report, 2005) is the definitive Oil-for-Food investigation.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is UN Resolution 687 (3 April 1991), paragraph 8 on WMD inspection. Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain the system of containment against Iraq 1991 to 2003. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which the sanctions regime against Iraq 1991 to 2003 was effective. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Hans Blix and Charles Duelfer on Iraqi WMD capacity by 2003. [10 marks]