HSC Biology calculators

Single-gene cross with genotype and phenotype ratios.

Two-gene cross, 4×4 grid, 9:3:3:1 ratio for AaBb × AaBb.

Affected sons, affected daughters, carrier daughters.

p + q = 1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1, from any starting value.

Goodness-of-fit χ² for observed AA, Aa, aa counts against Hardy-Weinberg expectation.

N = N₀ · e^(rt). Solve for any of N, N₀, r, or t.

Cₖ = C₀ / d^k. Every tube concentration in a k-step series.

g = t / n where n = log₂(Nₜ/N₀). Includes specific growth rate μ.

BMI category plus Mifflin-St Jeor BMR and TDEE for human-biology contexts.