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WAPhysical EducationQuick questions
Unit 3: Factors Affecting Performance
Quick questions on Fluid mechanics in sport: WACE Physical Education Studies Unit 3
3short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is drag?Show answer
Drag is the resistance force a fluid applies opposite to the direction of motion, slowing the athlete or object. It rises sharply with speed and with the size of the area facing the flow. Two main forms appear in the course. Form drag depends on the cross sectional area and shape presented to the fluid, so a large frontal area creates more drag.
What is lift?Show answer
Lift is a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion through a fluid, often upward. It arises when a fluid moves faster over one surface than another, lowering the pressure on the faster side and pushing the object toward it. A discus or javelin angled correctly into the airflow generates lift that keeps it in the air longer, increasing distance. A swimmer's hand acts like a hydrofoil, generating lift that contributes to propulsion.
What is the Magnus effect?Show answer
The Magnus effect is the sideways force created on a spinning ball as it moves through a fluid. The spin drags fluid around the ball, speeding the flow on one side and slowing it on the other. The pressure is lower on the faster side, so the ball is pushed toward it and curves. Topspin makes a tennis or table tennis ball dip and drop quickly, backspin makes a golf ball stay up longer, and sidespin makes a soccer free kick or a cricket ball swing sideways around a wall or past a batter.
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