Unit 3: Influences and designing for end-users

13 dot points, in syllabus order. Each dot point has a focused answer, with exam-style questions and worked answers where available.

How do you generate a wide range of design ideas and then develop and refine them into resolved options using visualisations and design thinking?

generating, developing and refining design ideas through visualisations, design drawings and models, applying divergent then convergent thinking to move from many concepts to resolved options

Idea generation and development: visualisations, presentation and working drawings, models, and the divergent-then-convergent thinking that turns many rough concepts into resolved, evaluated design options.

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How do economic factors such as cost, budget, scale and market demand constrain and shape product design decisions?

the economic factors (cost, budget, scale of production, market demand and viability) that constrain product design and how designers balance cost against quality and other factors

Economic factors: cost, budget, scale of production, market demand and commercial viability, and how designers balance cost against quality, materials and the end-user's needs.

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What are the different scales of industrial production, and how does the chosen scale shape the materials, processes, cost and design of a product?

the scales of production (one-off, batch, mass and continuous) and how the scale chosen influences materials, processes, tooling, cost, quality and design decisions

Scales of production: one-off, batch, mass and continuous, with the materials, processes, tooling, cost and quality implications of each and how scale shapes industrial design decisions.

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What research methods uncover what an end-user or stakeholder actually needs, and how do primary and secondary research differ in what they can tell you?

primary research methods such as interviews, questionnaires, observation, testing and measuring, and secondary research methods such as literature reviews and product and market analysis, used to investigate the design situation and the end-user or stakeholder

Research: primary methods (interviews, questionnaires, observation, testing, measuring) versus secondary methods (literature review, product and market analysis), and how each informs the Discover stage and the design brief.

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What are the design factors, and how do the elements and principles of design, function, purpose and context shape and justify the form of a product?

the product design factors, including the elements and principles of design, function, purpose, context, aesthetics and end-user considerations, and how they shape and justify design decisions

Product design factors: function, purpose, context, aesthetics, materials and end-user, and how the elements and principles of design are used to shape and justify the form of a product.

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How can a designer evaluate existing products and judge their success against sustainability, innovation and ethical considerations?

methods for evaluating products and the role of innovation, sustainability, entrepreneurial activity and ethical considerations in judging product success

Evaluating existing products: synthesising data, weighing innovation, sustainability, entrepreneurial activity and ethics, and making reasoned judgements about why a product succeeds or fails.

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How do you turn an end-user's needs into a design brief and a set of evaluation criteria that will later judge the product?

developing a design brief for an end-user and writing evaluation criteria, in the form of questions, that will measure the success of the finished product

Designing for an end-user: investigating their needs, writing a design brief with constraints and considerations, and producing evaluation criteria as questions that judge the product in Unit 4.

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Who is an end-user, who are the wider stakeholders, and how does designing for real people rather than yourself change every decision in the folio?

the role of the end-user and stakeholders in user-centred design, and how investigating their needs, wants, preferences and constraints drives the design brief and the product

User-centred design: who the end-user and stakeholders are, how to investigate their needs, wants and preferences, and how those findings drive the brief and the whole School-Assessed Task.

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How do new and emerging technologies such as CAD, additive manufacturing, automation and smart materials change the way products are designed and produced?

the impact of new and emerging technologies (such as CAD, CAM, 3D printing, automation, robotics and smart materials) on the design, development and production of products

Emerging technologies: CAD, CAM, additive manufacturing, automation, robotics and smart materials, and how they change how products are designed, prototyped and produced, with their benefits and trade-offs.

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How does a structured product design process, such as the Double Diamond, move a designer from a vague problem to a resolved product?

the stages of the product design process and how divergent and convergent thinking (the Double Diamond) structure investigation, generation, refinement and resolution

Product design process: the stages from investigating to delivering, how the Double Diamond's divergent and convergent thinking structures the work, and how this scaffolds the School-Assessed Task folio.

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What is the role of the designer, and how do intellectual property protections such as copyright, design registration, patents and trade marks affect product design?

the roles and responsibilities of designers and the forms of intellectual property protection (copyright, registered designs, patents and trade marks) that affect the design and production of products

Role of the designer and intellectual property: copyright, registered designs, patents and trade marks, what each protects, and how legal responsibilities shape ethical product design.

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How do you select a final design from several options, justify it against evaluation criteria and end-user feedback, and prove the concept will work before manufacturing?

selecting and justifying a preferred design option against evaluation criteria and end-user feedback, and using a proof of concept to test that the chosen design will function before production

Converging to a final design: presenting design options, judging them against evaluation criteria and end-user feedback, and using a proof of concept to test that the chosen design works before manufacture.

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How do social, economic, environmental and other factors influence the way products are designed, developed and produced?

the range of factors (social, technological, economic, historical, ethical, legal, environmental, cultural and aesthetic) that influence the design, development and production of products

Factors that shape products: the social, technological, economic, historical, ethical, legal, environmental, cultural and aesthetic influences, and how to write about them with evidence rather than lists.

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