SACE Stage 2 Psychology: mixed exam-style practice quiz

an experimental design, because two different conditions are compared with each other

an experimental design, because students are randomly allocated to the two conditions

an observational design, as behaviour is recorded without manipulating a variable

a case study design, because it focuses on a single school's students over a period

the number of trials on which the participant gives the wrong answer

the number of confederates who answer before each participant does

the length of the lines shown to participants on the critical trials

whether each participant is told the true aim of the study afterwards

Paying the participants more than the usual rate for taking part

Repeating the study with a larger sample to confirm the results

Keeping the aim secret so that later participants remain unaware

Debriefing that explains the true aim and offers withdrawal of data

Results are invalid, because Year 12 students cannot take part in psychology research

Results may not generalise, as a small volunteer sample may not represent other groups

The sample is too large for an experiment, so the random errors will be much greater

The sample removes all extraneous variables, so the results are unusually reliable

Obedience was higher when the authority figure was physically close to the participant

Obedience was higher when the authority figure was further away from the participant

The proximity of the authority figure had no effect on the level of obedience

Obedience depended on the personality of the participants, not on the situation

Door-in-the-face

Foot-in-the-door

Norm of reciprocity

Peripheral route to persuasion

The central route, using detailed evidence about the drink's ingredients

The peripheral route, using cues such as the fame and appeal of the source

The central route, because the athlete is an expert in nutrition science

Neither route, because advertisements are unable to change any attitudes

negative reinforcement

aversive punishment

response cost

stimulus generalisation

Variable interval

Variable ratio

Continuous reinforcement

Fixed interval

At the end of the training session, once the puppy has sat down several times

Before the command is given, so that the puppy is motivated to pay attention

Immediately after the puppy sits, so behaviour and consequence are close in time

At random times during the day, so that the puppy does not become dependent

direct reinforcement, influencing the retention step of observational learning

vicarious reinforcement, influencing the motivation step of observational learning

classical conditioning, because the doll becomes a conditioned stimulus

stimulus discrimination, because the children could tell the dolls apart

A self-report questionnaire, which asks participants directly about their own views

A public interview, where each answer is recorded in front of other participants

A survey that first asks participants to rate how honest they are being

The Implicit Association Test, which uses reaction times to measure automatic links