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QLDModern HistoryQuick questions
Unit 2: Movements in the modern world
Quick questions on Peace and anti-nuclear movements (QCE Modern History Unit 2)
15short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is hiroshima and Nagasaki?Show answer
The bombings established the moral and practical urgency of nuclear politics.
What is russell-Einstein Manifesto?Show answer
Eleven leading scientists (including Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, and nine Nobel laureates) called for governments to find peaceful means of resolving disputes given the destructive power of nuclear weapons.
What is pugwash Conferences?Show answer
Scientists from East and West met to discuss nuclear arms control. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995.
What is campaign for Nuclear Disarmament?Show answer
Mass British anti-nuclear organisation. The "peace symbol" (semaphore for N and D over a circle) was designed for CND.
What is aldermaston marches?Show answer
Annual march from Trafalgar Square to the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston. Up to $150\,000$ marchers at the peak.
What is cuban Missile Crisis?Show answer
Concentrated public concern about nuclear war into a $13$-day window.
What is limited Test Ban Treaty?Show answer
Banned atmospheric and underwater nuclear tests.
What is nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?Show answer
Three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, peaceful use of nuclear energy.
What is anti-Vietnam War overlap?Show answer
Peace movement organisation increasingly entangled with anti-Vietnam War mobilisation through the 1960s.
What is nATO Dual Track Decision?Show answer
Deploy Pershing II and cruise missiles in Western Europe by 1983 unless arms-control progress was made with the USSR. Re-energised European peace movements.
What is european demonstrations?Show answer
Approximately $300\,000$ in Bonn (October 1981); $400\,000$ in Amsterdam (November 1981); $1$ million in London's Hyde Park rally (October 1983).
What is greenham Common Women's Peace Camp?Show answer
Established by women opposed to the deployment of cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common in Berkshire. At peak ($1983-1984$) sustained a continuous camp at multiple gates. The "embrace the base" demonstration (December 1982) saw $30\,000$ women link hands around the perimeter.
What is nuclear Freeze Campaign?Show answer
$750\,000$ people demonstrated in Central Park (12 June 1982).
What is australian dimension?Show answer
Palm Sunday peace rallies through the 1980s drew large crowds. Concerns about US bases in Australia (Pine Gap, Nurrungar, North West Cape) and the implications for nuclear targeting.
What is new Zealand?Show answer
Lange Labour government (1984-1989) declared a nuclear-free zone (Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987). New Zealand refused entry to US nuclear-armed or nuclear-powered ships, leading the US to effectively suspend NZ from ANZUS (1986).