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QLDModern HistoryQuick questions
Unit 2: Movements in the modern world
Quick questions on The anti-apartheid movement, 1948-1994 (QCE Modern History Unit 2)
9short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is defiance Campaign?Show answer
ANC and South African Indian Congress encouraged mass civil disobedience. Approximately $8\,000$ arrests.
What is freedom Charter?Show answer
"South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white." Adopted by the ANC and allied organisations.
What is treason Trial?Show answer
$156$ activists charged; all acquitted, but the trial absorbed leadership energy for years.
What is uMkhonto we Sizwe?Show answer
Initially a sabotage campaign against infrastructure (avoiding loss of life).
What is rivonia Trial?Show answer
Mandela and other ANC leaders sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage. Mandela's speech from the dock: "I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.
What is united Democratic Front?Show answer
Mass internal opposition coalition (community organisations, trade unions, churches). The 1984-1986 township revolts. State of Emergency 1985, extended through 1989.
What is trade unions?Show answer
Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU, 1985) brought black workers into the political struggle.
What is comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act?Show answer
Passed by US Congress over Reagan's veto. Banned imports, US investment, and required disinvestment.
What is commonwealth opposition?Show answer
Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke played a leading role in Commonwealth opposition. Australia tightened sanctions and led campaigns at Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings.