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QLDModern HistoryQuick questions
Unit 1: Ideas in the modern world
Quick questions on Nationalism and liberalism: QCE Modern History Unit 1 Year 11
5short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is definition?Show answer
The belief that humanity is naturally divided into nations, that each nation has the right to self-determination, and that political loyalty should be primarily to the nation.
What is origins?Show answer
Roots in the French Revolution (1789): the idea of national sovereignty (the nation, not the monarch, as the source of legitimate authority). Spread through Napoleonic Europe.
What is key thinkers?Show answer
- Johann Gottfried Herder (German, 1744-1803): cultural nationalism; each nation has a unique spirit (Volksgeist). - Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian, 1805-1872): nationalism as a force for liberation; each nation has a duty to humanity. - Ernest Renan (French, 1823-1892): the nation as "daily plebiscite" (continuous shared choice).
What is forms?Show answer
- Civic nationalism. Membership through citizenship, shared values, political institutions. (American, French Republican tradition.) - Ethnic nationalism. Membership through descent, language, culture.
What is core principles?Show answer
- Individual rights (free speech, assembly, religion, property). - Equality before the law. - Representative government with limits.
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