Quick questions on Cold War ideologies, 1945-1991 (QCE Modern History Unit 1)

Capitalist economies, parliamentary democracy, free press, individual rights. Anchored by the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, founded 1949). Allies included Western Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea after the Korean War.

State-owned economies, one-party communist rule, restrictions on political freedom and emigration. Anchored by the USSR and the Warsaw Pact (founded 1955). Included Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania (until 1968).

India under Nehru, Yugoslavia under Tito, Egypt under Nasser, Indonesia under Sukarno. Formalised at Bandung (1955) and the Belgrade Conference (1961). Many states moved between blocs depending on circumstance.

US commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures". Initially for Greece and Turkey; rapidly extended to a global anti-communist stance.

$13$ billion US dollars in economic aid for Western Europe. Eastern bloc states under Soviet pressure declined to participate.

Soviet blockade of West Berlin; Allied airlift sustained the city. The first major confrontation.

The two Germanies and the two military alliances took shape.

North Korean invasion of the South. UN intervention led by the United States, then Chinese intervention on the North's side. Armistice at the 38th Parallel.

The most visible symbol of the divided world.

Soviet missiles in Cuba discovered by US reconnaissance. Thirteen-day standoff; settlement by quiet exchange (US Jupiter missiles in Turkey removed). The closest moment to direct conflict.

Reform communism under Dubcek crushed by Warsaw Pact invasion. The "Brezhnev Doctrine" asserted Soviet right to intervene in socialist states.

American attempt to prevent communist unification of Vietnam. Ended in US withdrawal (1973) and North Vietnamese victory (1975). Major political and intellectual rupture in the West.

Soviet "Vietnam"; helped exhaust the Soviet economy.

Solidarity government in Poland, peaceful transitions in Hungary, the fall of the Berlin Wall (9 November 1989), the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, Romania's violent overthrow of Ceausescu.

Fifteen successor states, with Russia as the legal continuator.