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QLDBiologyQuick questions
Unit 2: Maintaining the internal environment
Quick questions on Osmoregulation, the nephron and ADH (QCE Biology Unit 2)
6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What are the four processes?Show answer
The whole kidney function is built from four sequential processes.
What is aldosterone?Show answer
Aldosterone (from the adrenal cortex) acts on the DCT to increase Na+ reabsorption (and water follows). Released when blood pressure or blood Na+ falls. It is a longer-acting parallel control to ADH.
What is nitrogenous waste?Show answer
Mammals excrete waste nitrogen from protein catabolism mainly as urea, formed in the liver from ammonia via the urea cycle. Urea is less toxic than ammonia and less costly to produce than uric acid. Animals living in dry environments often produce uric acid (birds, reptiles) to save water.
What is q1?Show answer
Describe the function of the loop of Henle in establishing a medullary concentration gradient and explain how this gradient drives water reabsorption from the collecting duct. [4 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
A urinalysis shows specific gravity 1.030, no glucose, no protein, urea elevated. State whether the person is well-hydrated or dehydrated and justify by reference to ADH. [3 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Refer to a diabetes insipidus patient lacking functional ADH. (a) Predict the urine volume and osmolarity. (b) Explain why fluid intake must be high.
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