Quick questions on Surrealism: HSC Visual Arts case study

Dada (Zurich, Berlin, Paris, New York) precedes Surrealism. Marcel Duchamp's readymades, the Dada rejection of rationalism after WWI, and Giorgio de Chirico's Metaphysical paintings (1909-1919) all feed into Surrealism.

Andre Breton's first Surrealist Manifesto, Paris, October 1924. Breton defines Surrealism as "pure psychic automatism."

Andre Masson, Joan Miro, Max Ernst, Yves Tanguy, Rene Magritte (joined 1927), Salvador Dali (joined 1929). Paris is the centre. Exhibitions at Galerie Pierre (1925), the International Surrealist Exhibition London (1936) and New York (1936).

WWII forces many Surrealists to flee Paris. Several settle in New York (Breton, Ernst, Masson, Tanguy), where they influence Abstract Expressionism (Jackson Pollock's automatic drip technique is partly Surrealist-derived).

Magritte continues in Belgium until 1967. Dali continues in Spain until 1989. The Surrealist Group officially dissolves in 1969.

Oil on canvas, 24 by 33 cm, MoMA New York. The textbook Surrealist dream-image. Melting watches, distorted landscape, the artist's face as a slumped form.

Oil on canvas, LACMA. The painted pipe with the inscription "Ceci n'est pas une pipe" (This is not a pipe). The logical paradox of representation.

Oil on canvas, multiple versions including MoMA New York and Peggy Guggenheim Collection Venice. Daylit sky over a night-lit street.

Oil on canvas, MoMA New York. Automatist drawing translated to paint.

Oil on canvas, 173 by 173 cm, Museo de Arte Moderno Mexico City. Often included in Surrealist exhibitions despite Kahlo's rejection of the label.

French. Founder and theorist.

Spanish. The most famous Surrealist; expelled from the official group by Breton in 1939.

Belgian. The deadpan, paradox-driven Surrealist.

German-French. Collage, frottage, decalcomania.

Spanish. Automatism and biomorphic abstraction.