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NSWSociety and CultureQuick questions
Depth Study: Social Inclusion and Exclusion
Quick questions on Factors and social differentiation in social exclusion in the HSC Society and Culture options
3short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is social differentiation as the basis of exclusion?Show answer
Social differentiation is the way societies divide people into categories and rank them, attaching different status and access to different groups. Exclusion typically follows the lines of this differentiation. The common bases include age, gender, ethnicity and race, disability, geographic location, religion, sexuality and socioeconomic status. A person's position on these dimensions shapes their access to socially valued resources.
What are the main factors?Show answer
Each factor can drive exclusion. Age can exclude both the young and the old from employment and services. Gender shapes pay, workforce participation and safety. Ethnicity and race can attract discrimination and barriers for migrants, refugees and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
What is the processes that turn difference into disadvantage?Show answer
Differentiation becomes exclusion through identifiable processes. Prejudice is a pre-formed negative attitude toward a group; stereotyping reduces individuals to fixed group traits; discrimination is unequal treatment in practice; and structural or institutional barriers build exclusion into the rules, design and norms of institutions. These processes can be direct and visible or indirect and built into systems. Analysing the process, not just the factor, shows how exclusion is produced and reproduced.
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