Quick questions on Schrodinger's wavefunction and atomic orbitals: HSC Physics Module 8

In 1926 Erwin Schrodinger proposed a wave equation governing the de Broglie matter wave of a particle in a potential $V$. For a stationary state of definite energy $E$, the time-independent Schrodinger equation reads:

Max Born (1926) gave the wavefunction its physical interpretation. $\psi$ itself is complex and not directly measurable. The measurable quantity is:

Bohr's success in hydrogen is recovered exactly: same energy levels and same Rydberg formula. But Schrodinger's model also explains why $2s$ and $2p$ exist as different angular shapes, predicts the ordering and filling of subshells, gives the chemical periodicity, and underlies essentially all of atomic, molecular and solid-state physics.