Quick questions on USA in 1919: HSC Modern History National Study survey

The United States was a federal republic with a written constitution, a President with a four-year term, a Senate of two members per state, a House of Representatives elected biennially, and a Supreme Court of nine justices. The Seventeenth Amendment (1913) had introduced the direct election of senators. The Nineteenth Amendment (women's suffrage) was passed by Congress in June 1919 and ratified on 18 August 1920.

The American economy was the world's largest, having overtaken Britain before 1900. Industrial production was around 35 per cent of the world total. The war had turned the United States from a debtor to a creditor nation; Britain and France owed Washington around 10 billion dollars.

American society in 1919 was deeply unequal and deeply divided.

The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (October 1917) and the German Revolution (November 1918) generated American fears of communist subversion. A series of anarchist letter bombs in April and June 1919, including one that damaged Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer's house in Washington on 2 June, gave Palmer the pretext for action.

The United States entered World War I in April 1917 and mobilised around 4 million men. American casualties were around 116,000 dead. The Selective Service Act, the Espionage Act (1917), and the Sedition Act (1918) had created a new federal apparatus of conscription, censorship, and prosecution of dissent.

Wilson sailed for Paris on 4 December 1918 with his Fourteen Points (8 January 1918), the most influential of which was the call for a League of Nations. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919.

David Kennedy (Over Here, 1980) is the standard study of the impact of the war on American society.

It was a year of strikes, race riots, deportations, and a failed treaty.

19 November 1919 (first vote) and 19 March 1920 (second).

The First Red Scare (1919 to 1920) ended with Palmer's failed May Day prediction; McCarthy belongs to the 1950s.