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Section II (National Study): Indonesia 1942-2005
Quick questions on Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Presidency 2004: HSC Modern History Indonesia
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the constitutional path to direct election?Show answer
The 2004 presidential election was the first under direct popular vote. The third constitutional amendment (November 2001) had introduced direct election; the fourth amendment (August 2002) had completed the procedural framework. Under the amended UUD 1945, a winning ticket required more than 50 per cent of the national vote and over 20 per cent in more than half the provinces; otherwise a runoff between the top two pairs would be held.
What is the first round, 5 July 2004?Show answer
The first round produced no majority. Final results: Yudhoyono-Kalla 33.57 per cent (39.8 million votes); Megawati-Hasyim 26.61 per cent; Wiranto-Salahuddin 22.15 per cent; Amien Rais-Siswono 14.66 per cent; Hamzah Haz-Agum Gumelar 3.01 per cent. Turnout was 78.2 per cent of 153 million registered voters.
What is the inauguration, 20 October 2004?Show answer
Yudhoyono was sworn in on 20 October 2004 at the MPR building in Jakarta. Megawati did not attend, a public snub, but the transfer of executive power at the State Palace was peaceful. Indonesia, which had ended Sukarno's rule in 1966 to 1967 and Suharto's rule in 1998 through extraconstitutional pressure, had now transferred presidential power through a popular vote.
What is the end of the national study period?Show answer
The HSC national study syllabus closes in 2005. By that date the Indonesian transition begun on 21 May 1998 had produced free and fair direct elections, four constitutional amendments, an independent court, an effective counter-terrorism capacity, the end of Aceh's 29-year insurgency, and the international reintegration of Indonesian foreign policy. The Republic that emerged from these years was the world's third-largest democracy, the fourth most populous country, the largest Muslim-majority democracy, and a G20 economy.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is an extract from SBY's inauguration speech (20 October 2004). Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain the consolidation of Indonesian democracy. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which Indonesian democracy was consolidated by 2004. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Marcus Mietzner and Edward Aspinall on the state of Indonesian democracy by 2004. [10 marks]
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