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Section II (National Study): Indonesia 1942-2005
Quick questions on Guided Democracy under Sukarno 1957-1965: HSC Modern History National Study
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the PRRI-Permesta revolts, 1958 to 1961?Show answer
Regional resentments at Javanese dominance and at Sukarno's leftward tilt produced an open revolt. On 15 February 1958 dissident colonels in Sumatra (PRRI) and Sulawesi (Permesta), supported by Masjumi politicians including Sjafruddin Prawiranegara and Mohammad Natsir, proclaimed a "Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia." The United States CIA covertly supplied B-26 bombers and arms.
What is the decree of 5 July 1959?Show answer
Sukarno dissolved the Constituent Assembly by decree on 5 July 1959 and restored the 1945 Constitution by presidential decree. The decree was endorsed by the army. The cabinet reported to the President, not parliament. The DPR (parliament) was reconstituted as a DPR-GR with appointed members; Sukarno's Manifesto Politik (MANIPOL, 17 August 1959) became the official state ideology.
What is nASAKOM?Show answer
Sukarno's formula for political balance was NASAKOM: Nasionalisme (PNI), Agama (Religion, principally the Islamic NU), and Komunisme (PKI). The army was the unstated fourth pillar.
What is west Irian, 1961 to 1963?Show answer
The Round Table Conference of 1949 had deferred West New Guinea's status; Dutch retention had become a permanent grievance. Sukarno announced the Tri Komando Rakyat (Trikora, "Three Peoples' Commands") on 19 December 1961: defeat the creation of a Dutch puppet state, raise the Indonesian flag in West Irian, and prepare for general mobilisation.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is an extract from Sukarno's 17 August 1959 "Rediscovery of our Revolution" speech. Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain the ideology of Guided Democracy. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which Guided Democracy was an authoritarian system rather than a democratic alternative. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Herbert Feith and Daniel Lev on Guided Democracy. [10 marks]
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