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Section II (National Study): Germany 1918-1939
Quick questions on Nazi social and racial policy 1933-1939: HSC Modern History National Study
10short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is women?Show answer
The regime's slogan Kinder, Kuche, Kirche (children, kitchen, church) framed women as wives and mothers. Policy followed.
What is youth?Show answer
The Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend, HJ) was founded in 1926 and grew to dominate German youth life under Baldur von Schirach (Reich Youth Leader from June 1933).
What is churches?Show answer
The Reich Concordat with the Vatican (20 July 1933), signed by Vice-Chancellor Papen and Cardinal Pacelli (later Pius XII), guaranteed Catholic religious freedom in return for political withdrawal. The Concordat was repeatedly violated. Catholic youth groups were dissolved (1936); priests were prosecuted for currency offences and "immorality."
What is antisemitism?Show answer
The boycott of Jewish businesses (1 April 1933) was largely a failure but signalled the regime's intent. The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (7 April 1933) excluded Jews from state employment. The Reich Citizenship Law of 1934 stripped some Jews of citizenship.
What is other persecuted groups?Show answer
The Sinti and Roma (around 26,000 in Germany in 1939) were registered by the Reich Central Office for Combating the Gypsy Nuisance (Munich, 1936) under Dr Robert Ritter. Forced sterilisation began in 1936; many were interned in special camps.
What is historiography?Show answer
Michael Burleigh (The Third Reich: A New History, 2000) treats the regime as a "racial state" in which all persecuted groups belong to the same ideological project.
What is treating Nazi women's policy as fully successful?Show answer
The labour shortage from 1936 reversed the ideology in practice. Real women's employment was rising by 1939.
What is forgetting Pacelli and the Concordat?Show answer
The future Pope Pius XII negotiated the 1933 Concordat as Cardinal Secretary of State. Both Vatican parties bear responsibility for the political withdrawal.
What is misdating Kristallnacht?Show answer
9 to 10 November 1938, following the 7 November assassination of vom Rath, not 7 November itself.
What is treating the racial policy as Jewish-only?Show answer
Sinti and Roma, the disabled, and homosexuals were also targets of the "racial state." Burleigh's framework integrates them.