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Section II (National Study): China 1927-1949
Quick questions on The Nanjing Decade 1928-1937: HSC Modern History National Study China
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the Nanjing state?Show answer
The Nationalist Government was formally established at Nanjing on 18 April 1927. The Five Yuan Constitution of 1928 organised state power into executive, legislative, judicial, examination, and control branches. The Organic Law of the National Government (October 1928) made Chiang chairman; the post became the de facto presidency.
What is the limits of central control?Show answer
KMT effective control extended over around eight to ten provinces in the lower Yangtze and the south. Beyond that, governance was through bargains:
What is the New Life Movement?Show answer
Chiang launched the New Life Movement at Nanchang on 19 February 1934. The slogan was the revival of the four Confucian virtues: li (ritual propriety), yi (righteousness), lian (integrity), chi (sense of shame). Practical targets ranged from spitting and smoking to dress and punctuality. Soong Mei-ling led the women's section; Methodist missionaries were enlisted.
What is german connection?Show answer
From 1928 to 1938 Germany was Chiang's closest military and industrial partner. Successive German military missions (Max Bauer 1928-1929; Hermann Kriebel 1929-1930; Georg Wetzell 1930-1934; Hans von Seeckt 1934-1935; Alexander von Falkenhausen 1935-1938) trained around 80,000 KMT troops in modern doctrine.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is a New Life Movement pamphlet (1934). Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain the ideological project of the Nanjing Decade. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which the Nanjing Decade was a successful project of state-building. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Hans van de Ven and Lloyd Eastman on the Nanjing Decade. [10 marks]
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