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NSWBiologyQuick questions
Module 8: Non-infectious Disease and Disorders
Quick questions on Causes of non-infectious disease: HSC Biology Module 8
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is cancer as a cross-cutting category?Show answer
Cancer is uncontrolled cell division caused by accumulated mutations in genes regulating the cell cycle (oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes such as TP53). It can be:
What are individual effects?Show answer
Pain, disability, reduced life expectancy, psychological impact, loss of income.
What are societal effects?Show answer
Health-care costs (non-infectious disease accounts for over 70 percent of Australia's disease burden), workforce productivity losses, demand for aged care and chronic disease services. Non-infectious disease now causes more deaths globally than infectious disease in every region except sub-Saharan Africa.
What are generic answers without named examples?Show answer
"Genetic disease" scores no marks. "Cystic fibrosis, caused by a CFTR mutation on chromosome 7" scores.
What is q1?Show answer
Classify the following diseases by their primary cause: (a) Huntington's disease, (b) lung cancer in a smoker, (c) scurvy, (d) Alzheimer's disease. [4 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare data show coronary heart disease death rates fell from 380 per 100 000 in 1980 to 70 per 100 000 in 2024. Calculate the percentage reduction and identify two non-infectious risk factors targeted to achieve this. [3 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
A 55-year-old patient with no genetic family history develops melanoma. (a) Identify the most likely environmental cause. (b) Describe the molecular mechanism by which it causes cancer.
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