§-Quick questions
NSWBiologyModule 8: Non-infectious Disease and Disorders
Quick questions on Causes of non-infectious disease: HSC Biology Module 8
6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is cancer as a cross-cutting category?Show answer
Cancer is uncontrolled cell division caused by accumulated mutations in genes regulating the cell cycle (oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes such as TP53).
What are individual effects?Show answer
Pain, disability, reduced life expectancy, psychological impact, loss of income.
What are societal effects?Show answer
Health-care costs (non-infectious disease accounts for over 70 percent of Australia's disease burden), workforce productivity losses, demand for aged care and chronic disease services. Non-infectious disease now causes more deaths globally than infectious disease in every region except sub-Saharan Africa.
What are generic answers without named examples?Show answer
"Genetic disease" scores no marks. "Cystic fibrosis, caused by a CFTR mutation on chromosome 7" scores.
What is separate cause from risk factor explicitly?Show answer
If asked about diabetes or heart disease, state which factors are necessary causes and which only raise probability - this nuance lifts a Band 4 answer.
What is match depth to the command word?Show answer
"Identify/outline" wants brief named points; "explain" wants the causal chain in order (carcinogen -> mutation -> loss of control -> tumour); "compare" wants the same features for both causes.
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