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NSWBiologyQuick questions
Module 7: Infectious Disease
Quick questions on Local, regional and global strategies to limit disease spread: HSC Biology Module 7
15short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is local strategies?Show answer
These target individuals and immediate communities.
What is regional strategies?Show answer
These coordinate responses at state or national level.
What is global strategies?Show answer
International coordination is led primarily by the World Health Organization (WHO).
What is assessing effectiveness?Show answer
Most effective long-term strategy: vaccination, where a safe and effective vaccine exists.
What is hygiene?Show answer
Handwashing with soap, food preparation hygiene, surface cleaning and personal hygiene reduce pathogen transfer. Handwashing alone reduces respiratory and diarrhoeal disease by an estimated 20 to 40 per cent.
What is personal protective equipment?Show answer
Masks, gloves and gowns reduce transmission in clinical and community settings. N95 respirators are effective against airborne pathogens such as tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2.
What is case isolation?Show answer
Symptomatic individuals stay home or are admitted to negative-pressure isolation wards.
What is school and workplace exclusion?Show answer
Children with measles, chickenpox or whooping cough are excluded until non-infectious.
What is quarantine?Show answer
Asymptomatic individuals who may have been exposed are isolated for the incubation period. Australia has used quarantine since federation, and operated hotel quarantine for international arrivals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
What is contact tracing?Show answer
Public health teams identify people who had contact with a confirmed case and monitor or isolate them. This was central to the 2003 SARS response and the early COVID-19 response.
What is vaccination programs?Show answer
National Immunisation Programs schedule vaccines from infancy through adulthood. The Australian National Immunisation Program includes vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, HPV and influenza.
What is vector control?Show answer
Mosquito control through breeding-site reduction, insecticide spraying and biological controls. Wolbachia-infected Aedes mosquitoes reduce dengue transmission in Far North Queensland.
What is public health campaigns?Show answer
Government education campaigns promote hygiene, vaccination, safe sex and other prevention behaviours. Australia's "Slip, Slop, Slap" and "Grim Reaper" (HIV awareness) are classic examples.
What is international surveillance?Show answer
The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System tracks flu strains across 110 countries each year to determine vaccine composition. The WHO can declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
What is coordinated vaccination campaigns?Show answer
Smallpox eradication (declared 1980) was the result of WHO-led ring vaccination over two decades. Polio eradication efforts continue, and wild polio now circulates in only Afghanistan and Pakistan.