Quick questions on Causes of infectious disease and pathogen types: HSC Biology Module 7

Structure. Misfolded proteins. No nucleic acid, no cell structure.

Structure. Acellular particles. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein capsid, sometimes with a lipid envelope. Not considered living.

Structure. Prokaryotic single-celled organisms. Cell wall (peptidoglycan), plasma membrane, cytoplasm, 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, often with plasmids. No nucleus.

Structure. Single-celled eukaryotes. Have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles and often complex life cycles.

Structure. Eukaryotic, either unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (moulds with hyphae). Cell walls made of chitin.

Structure. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms, often with complex life cycles. Includes helminths (worms) and ectoparasites (fleas, ticks).

Misfolded proteins. No nucleic acid, no cell structure.

A prion induces normal cellular proteins (often PrP in nervous tissue) to misfold into the same abnormal shape, creating aggregates that destroy brain tissue.

Influenza A (RNA virus, respiratory), HIV (retrovirus, immune cells), tobacco mosaic virus (plant pathogen affecting tomato and tobacco leaves).

The pathogen is a protozoan, specifically Plasmodium falciparum.

Single-celled eukaryote, parasitic life cycle inside red blood cells, transmitted by a vector (Anopheles mosquito). Antibiotics are ineffective because the pathogen is eukaryotic. Antimalarial drugs (artemisinin combination therapy) are required.

NESA requires examples in plants and animals. Include at least one plant pathogen (tobacco mosaic virus, wheat stem rust, or crown gall).

Protozoa are eukaryotic single-celled organisms with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotic.

"A virus" or "a bacterium" scores no marks. Use full scientific names where possible.