Quick questions on Transformation of the Delian League into the Athenian Empire: HSC Ancient History

Naxos (around 470 BC). The first revolt of an ally. Naxos attempted to secede from the League. Cimon led the fleet that reduced Naxos by siege. The city was forced to remain; it lost its fleet, walls, and autonomy, and was reduced to tribute-payer status.

A Delian League fleet of 200 triremes was diverted to Egypt to support the revolt of Inaros of Libya against the Persian king Artaxerxes I. Initial successes captured Memphis. In 454 BC a Persian counter-attack under Megabyzus trapped the Greek fleet in the Nile delta; the Athenians lost around 250 ships and 8,000 men (Thucydides 1.104, 1.109 to 110). The disaster was the largest Athenian defeat of the period.

In 454 BC the Athenians moved the treasury of the Delian League from Delos to the Opisthodomos of the temple of Athena on the Acropolis. The official reason was the Persian threat to Delos after the Egyptian disaster. The practical effect was that:

A negotiated peace, brokered by the Athenian Callias son of Hipponicus, ended formal hostilities between Athens and Persia. The terms (as reconstructed):

The Athenian Coinage Decree (the precise date is contested, ranging from 449 to 414 BC, with the 420s BC most likely on Lewis's epigraphic evidence) ordered the allied cities to use Athenian coinage, weights, and measures. Allied silver coinage was banned; cities had to bring their silver to the Athenian mint. The decree imposed Athenian commercial standards across the empire.

Cleruchies were settlements of Athenian citizens on land confiscated from allied or hostile states. The cleruchs retained Athenian citizenship and the land allotment was a form of paid garrison.

Episkopoi. Athenian "inspectors" sent out to allied cities to supervise loyalty and finance.

The major revolt of the late 440s BC. Samos was one of the few remaining ship-providing allies (rather than tribute payer). It revolted in 440 BC, partly over a dispute with Miletus and partly over Athenian intervention to install a democracy. Pericles personally commanded the siege.

Fiscal. Tribute (phoros) assessed every four years (the Panathenaic year). Around 460 talents in 478 BC; around 600 by the 440s; over 1,000 in the war years after 425 BC.

Thucydides, Pentecontaetia (1.89 to 117) and the Mytilenean Debate (3.36 to 49). The major literary sources.

The first revolt of an ally. Naxos attempted to secede from the League. Cimon led the fleet that reduced Naxos by siege.

Thasos revolted over Athenian seizure of its mainland mining and trading interests at Eion. The siege lasted three years. Cimon reduced the city; the walls were torn down, the fleet handed over, the mining revenues forfeited, and an annual tribute imposed.

Allied tribute (phoros) was paid into the Athenian treasury.

One sixtieth of the tribute was reserved for Athena and recorded annually in the Athenian Tribute Lists. The lists are the documentary foundation of the empire from 454 BC.

Inscribed on a great marble stele (the first stele covered 454 to 440 BC; later stelae continued). The lists name each tributary city and the aparche it paid each year. From the lists modern historians reconstruct around 200 to 400 members and around 400 to 600 talents of annual tribute.