Quick questions on The foundation of the Delian League (478 BC): HSC Ancient History

After the victories of 479 BC the Hellenic League fleet continued operations in the Aegean under the Spartan regent Pausanias. The campaigns of 478 BC reached Cyprus and Byzantium. Pausanias's conduct discredited Spartan leadership:

The Ionian and Aegean states, kin of Athens through the Ionian migration of the eleventh and tenth centuries BC, asked Athens to take command of the continuing war against Persia. The Athenians accepted. Aristides (the politician "Aristides the Just," recalled from ostracism for Salamis) organised the new league.

Aristides assembled the allies at Delos in 478/7 BC. Delos was:

The synod. A congress of allied delegates met at Delos. Each member, including Athens, had one vote. The synod determined policy and finance.

Thucydides (1.96) states the aims:

The initial membership was around 150 states (Aristotle, Athenian Constitution 24.3), although the precise count is uncertain. Members included:

Cimon son of Miltiades (victor of Marathon) emerged as the leading Athenian commander of the 470s and 460s BC. His campaigns transformed the League's military scope.

By around 466 BC the League had:

Thucydides, Pentecontaetia (Histories 1.89 to 117). The major source. Compressed and selective; designed to explain the rise of Athenian power as the cause of the Peloponnesian War.

Russell Meiggs, The Athenian Empire (1972). The standard modern reconstruction. Treats the League as transitioning toward empire from the 470s BC.

Pausanias adopted Persian dress and Persian guards. Thucydides (1.130) records that he became "haughty" and "scorned the allies."

Pausanias released Persian prisoners taken at Byzantium and corresponded with Xerxes. The letters (later discovered) suggested he was negotiating to marry Xerxes's daughter and rule Greece as a Persian client.

The ephors recalled Pausanias in 478 BC. He was acquitted at his first trial but the suspicion lingered. He later starved to death in the temple of Athena Chalkioikos, walled in by the ephors after the conspiracy with the helots was uncovered (around 470 BC).

Sparta sent Dorcis to replace Pausanias but the allies refused to accept him. Sparta, troubled by helot rebellion and disinclined to maintain a long campaign overseas, withdrew from the eastern Aegean. The Peloponnesian League continued as a separate body.

The traditional Ionian sanctuary of Apollo, with the panionian festival.