Human Biology flashcards

74 WACE Human Biology cards across 2 modules (23 definitions, 46 key facts, 5 fill-the-gap, 0 formulas). Each session gives you 20 cards, due cards first. Swipe right for easy, left for hard, down for again. Keyboard: Space to flip, 1 to 4 to rate.

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Definition
Disruption of homeostasis: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 3
Define Infectious (communicable) disease
Infectious (communicable) disease is caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) and can spread between people. It links directly to the immune system topic.
Definition
DNA, genes and the genetic code: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 4
Define Complementary base pairing
Complementary base pairing is the rule that adenine pairs only with thymine, and cytosine pairs only with guanine, across the two strands of DNA.
Definition
Immunisation and disease control: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 3
Define Herd immunity
Herd immunity is the protection a population gains when a large enough proportion of its members are immune that the pathogen can no longer spread efficiently. Even unvaccinated individuals are protected because the chain of transmission is broken.
Definition
Evidence for human evolution: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 4
Define Fossil
A fossil is the preserved remains, impression or trace of a once-living organism. Fossils provide direct evidence of past life and, through their position in dated rock layers, show how organisms have changed over time.
Definition
Organisation of the nervous system: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 3
Define Central versus peripheral
The central nervous system is the brain and spinal cord, where information is processed. The peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that carries information to and from the central nervous system.
Definition
Genetic drift, gene flow and the Hardy-Weinberg principle: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 4
Define Gene flow
Gene flow is the transfer of alleles from one population to another through the movement and breeding of individuals or the dispersal of gametes.
Definition
Pathogens and disease transmission: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 3
Define Pathogen
A pathogen is any agent that causes disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites and prions. Pathogens carry antigens that the immune system can recognise as non-self, which triggers the specific immune response covered in the immune system topic.
Definition
Hominin evolution: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 4
Define Foramen magnum
Foramen magnum (the hole where the spinal cord meets the skull) is positioned underneath the skull, so the head balances on top of an upright spine.
Definition
Pathogens and the immune system: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 3
Define Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity is driven by T lymphocytes, which mature in the thymus. Helper T cells release chemicals (cytokines) that activate B cells and other T cells. Cytotoxic (killer) T cells destroy the body's own cells that are infected by viruses or that have become cancerous.
Definition
Natural selection and types of selection: WACE Year 12 Human Biology Unit 4
Define Fitness
In biology, fitness is an individual's relative ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, measured by the number of fertile offspring it leaves.