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Section II (National Study): USA 1919-1941
Quick questions on Franklin Roosevelt's leadership: HSC Modern History USA
9short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is governor of New York (1929 to 1932)?Show answer
Roosevelt won the New York governorship in 1928 by around 25,000 votes (his cousin Theodore's old office). The state was hit by the Depression in 1929. The Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (1931), funded by an income tax surcharge and administered by social worker Harry Hopkins, was the first state-level direct relief program in the country and the institutional prototype for FERA.
What are four terms?Show answer
Roosevelt broke the unwritten two-term limit that George Washington had set, winning the 1940 nomination over Cordell Hull and James Farley and the 1940 election by 449 to 82 electoral votes against Wendell Willkie. He won 1944 against Thomas Dewey by 432 to 99 electoral votes and died in office on 12 April 1945 at Warm Springs, Georgia.
What is legislative leadership?Show answer
The First Hundred Days (4 March to 16 June 1933) passed 15 major Acts. The Hundred Days remained the benchmark for presidential legislative achievement until Lyndon Johnson in 1965.
What is administrative state?Show answer
The number of federal employees rose from around 580,000 (1933) to around 1.4 million (1941). The Executive Office of the President was created in 1939 on the recommendation of the Brownlow Committee (1937), bringing the Bureau of the Budget into the White House.
What is judicial reshaping?Show answer
Roosevelt appointed eight Supreme Court justices over his presidency (Hugo Black 1937, Stanley Reed 1938, Felix Frankfurter 1939, William O. Douglas 1939, Frank Murphy 1940, James F. Byrnes 1941, Robert Jackson 1941, and Wiley Rutledge 1943), plus the elevation of Harlan F.
What is foreign policy?Show answer
Roosevelt expanded the President's foreign policy role through Lend-Lease (March 1941), the Destroyer-for-Bases Agreement (September 1940), the Atlantic Charter (August 1941), and the conduct of the war.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is FDR's First Inaugural (4 March 1933). Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain FDR's use of presidential leadership. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which FDR's leadership transformed the American presidency. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Robert Dallek and Jeff Shesol on FDR's leadership. [10 marks]