Quick questions on Konfrontasi: Sukarno's Confrontation with Malaysia 1963-1966 HSC Modern History

3short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What is the Dwikora speech, May 1964?

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Sukarno escalated the campaign with the Dwi Komando Rakyat (Dwikora, Two People's Commands) speech of 3 May 1964. The two commands were to "heighten the revolutionary endurance of the Indonesian people" and to "assist the revolutionary struggle of the peoples of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei to dissolve the puppet state of Malaysia."

What is the Borneo campaign?

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The military phase ran along the 1,500-kilometre border between Indonesian Kalimantan and British Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah). Indonesia infiltrated regular Army and Marine units, KKO Marines, RPKAD paratroops (Indonesian Army special forces), and Air Force paratroops alongside locally recruited "volunteers."

What is diplomatic isolation?

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Konfrontasi cost Indonesia diplomatically. Malaysia was elected to a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council on 30 December 1964. Sukarno responded on 7 January 1965 by withdrawing Indonesia from the United Nations, the only state ever to do so. Indonesia further established (with China) a "Conference of New Emerging Forces" as an alternative; this collapsed after Sukarno's fall.

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