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Section II (National Study): Indonesia 1942-2005
Quick questions on Indonesian Occupation of East Timor 1975-1999: HSC Modern History
6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is operation Seroja, December 1975?Show answer
US President Gerald Ford and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger visited Jakarta on 6 December 1975. Declassified State Department cables (released 2001) record Suharto raising the East Timor question and Ford and Kissinger giving tacit approval ("we will not press you on the issue ...
What is resistance?Show answer
FALINTIL (the armed wing of FRETILIN), under Nicolau Lobato until his death in combat on 31 December 1978, then under Xanana Gusmao from 1981, maintained a guerrilla resistance in the mountains throughout the occupation. By the late 1980s FALINTIL had been reduced to a few hundred fighters, but the political resistance had broadened.
What is the Santa Cruz massacre, 12 November 1991?Show answer
A peaceful procession to the Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili on 12 November 1991, marking the death of pro-independence youth Sebastiao Gomes, was fired on by Indonesian troops. Around 250 Timorese were killed (the army acknowledged 19). British journalist Max Stahl filmed the killings; American journalists Allan Nairn and Amy Goodman were among those beaten.
What is q1?Show answer
Source A is Max Stahl's narration on the Santa Cruz massacre (12 November 1991). Using Source A and your own knowledge, explain the impact of the East Timor occupation on Indonesia's international standing. [5 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Evaluate the extent to which international actors bear responsibility for the East Timor occupation 1975 to 1999. [25 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Compare the views of Geoffrey Robinson and James Dunn on the international response to East Timor. [10 marks]
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