Quick questions on Nuremberg Laws and Nazi racial policy: HSC Modern History Core Study

Nazi racial policy began the day Hitler took office. The boycott of Jewish businesses (1 April 1933) was the first national antisemitic action, led by Julius Streicher's SA but officially "spontaneous." Within a week, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (7 April 1933) removed Jews from the civil service, the judiciary, and the universities. The Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities (April 1933) capped Jewish student enrolments at 1.5 per cent.

Announced at the Nuremberg Rally on 15 September 1935.

The 1936 Berlin Olympics brought a brief, tactical lull. From 1937 the "Aryanisation" of Jewish businesses accelerated, often through forced sales below market value. The Decree on the Registration of Jewish Property (26 April 1938) required Jews to disclose all assets above 5,000 Reichsmarks, preparing the ground for systematic confiscation. By 1938, identification documents required the middle names "Israel" or "Sara" for Jews, and passports were stamped with a red "J."

On 7 November 1938 Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew, shot the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris in protest at the deportation of Polish-Jewish families. Vom Rath died on 9 November. That night, Goebbels coordinated a nationwide pogrom presented as "spontaneous." Between 9 and 10 November 1938, 91 Jews were killed (with hundreds more dying from suicide or injuries), 267 synagogues were burned, 7,500 Jewish businesses were vandalised, and around 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen.

Between 1933 and 1939, around 250,000 of Germany's 525,000 Jews emigrated, often after surrendering most of their property. The Evian Conference (July 1938) saw 32 nations refuse to relax immigration quotas for Jewish refugees. After the German invasion of Poland (1 September 1939), Nazi racial policy moved from emigration and persecution to ghettoisation and, from 1941, mass murder.

Lucy Dawidowicz (The War Against the Jews, 1975) is the canonical intentionalist: Hitler intended the destruction of European Jewry from the writing of Mein Kampf (1924), and the 1933 to 1939 sequence is the unfolding of a plan.

It was state-coordinated. Goebbels' diary entry of 10 November 1938 is the standard source.

Citizenship law: political status. Blood law: marriage and sex.

It is the technical detail markers test.