Quick questions on The First Peloponnesian War and the Thirty Years' Peace: HSC Ancient History

In the late 460s and early 450s BC the Athenians built the long walls connecting the city to the Piraeus, around 7 km away. Two parallel walls (the North and the Phaleric, later replaced by the Middle or South wall) enclosed the road. The system made Athens, in effect, a fortified island: even a Spartan land invasion of Attica could not force surrender as long as the navy controlled the sea and supplies came in through the Piraeus.

Athens and Sparta negotiated a thirty-year peace in the winter of 446/5 BC. The terms:

The Samian revolt of 440 to 439 BC was the first test of the Thirty Years' Peace. Samos was one of the few remaining ship-providing allies. It revolted after Athenian intervention in a Samian dispute with Miletus. Pericles led the suppression in person.

The long walls embodied Themistocles's vision: Athens as a sea power independent of land control. They made the Pericles strategy of the Peloponnesian War (435 to 421 BC) possible.

Spartans regarded the long walls as confirmation of Athenian ambition. They would not be permanently destroyed until 404 BC after Athens's defeat.

A Delian League fleet of 200 triremes was diverted to Egypt to support the revolt of Inaros against Persia. After initial successes the expedition was destroyed in 454 BC; 250 ships and 8,000 men lost.

Athenian forces defeated by Corinthians and Epidaurians.

Athenian naval victory off the Argolid.

Athens besieged and reduced Aegina, the historic naval rival in the Saronic Gulf. Aegina was forced into the Delian League and made a tribute-payer.

Athens garrisoned Megara and built long walls connecting Megara to its port of Nisaea.

A Spartan army crossed the Corinthian Gulf to Boeotia, intended to support oligarchic factions and threaten Athens by land. The Spartans defeated the Athenians at Tanagra. Cimon, still ostracised, presented himself at the Athenian camp asking to fight; he was refused but his ostracism was later cut short.

The Athenians under Myronides defeated the Boeotians and Locrians. Athens controlled Boeotia and Phocis for the next ten years.

Athens dominated Boeotia, Phocis, Locris, and the western Peloponnese (Achaea). Pericles led a naval expedition around the Peloponnese (around 454 BC).

Negotiated, perhaps by the recalled Cimon, between Athens and Sparta. Hostilities paused but the underlying tensions remained.

A negotiated settlement with Persia. The terms: Persian fleets would not enter the Aegean; Persian armies would not approach within a day's ride of the Asia Minor coast; Athens would not send forces into Persian satrapies; the Ionian Greek cities were autonomous. The historicity of the peace is debated (Thucydides does not mention it; Plutarch, Diodorus, and the fourth-century BC orators do).