Quick questions on Risk assessment and ethics in scientific investigation: HSC Investigating Science Module 5

A risk assessment identifies hazards and plans how to mitigate them before the investigation begins. The standard tool is the risk matrix: likelihood multiplied by consequence.

Different ethical frameworks apply depending on what is involved.

Universities, research institutions and hospitals operate Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) and Animal Ethics Committees (AECs). No research can begin until the committee approves the protocol. NHMRC accredits committees and audits compliance.

Researchers must declare any conflict of interest before publication. Common conflicts include funding from a company whose product is being tested, prior employment by a stakeholder, or personal financial holdings related to the research.

Safe Work Australia and NSW WorkCover regulate workplace safety, and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are required for every chemical used. Schools follow CECNSW or DET guidelines.

The National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (NHMRC, ARC and Universities Australia, 2007 updated 2018) is the governing document.

The Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (NHMRC, 2013 updated 2024) governs animal research.

Research involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge requires community consent, benefit-sharing and adherence to AIATSIS Code of Ethics. Cultural sites, sacred objects and traditional medicines have specific protocols.

Field investigations must minimise harm to ecosystems. Sampling protocols, permit requirements (e.g. for protected species), and waste disposal are part of the ethical plan.

Define the hierarchy of control in order from most to least effective. [3 marks]

A student plans to interview classmates about their COVID-19 vaccination status. List three ethical considerations and one practical mitigation for each. [3+3 marks]

A medical researcher proposes a trial of a new asthma drug in children with severe asthma. (a) State the regulatory body that must approve the trial. (b) Outline how the 3Rs apply if mouse-model work precedes the trial.