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NSWGeographyQuick questions
Ecosystems at Risk
Quick questions on Management strategies for ecosystems at risk: HSC Geography
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is australian protected area estate?Show answer
Around 19.6 percent of Australia's land is in protected areas (National Reserve System). This includes:
What is effectiveness?Show answer
Regulation is only as effective as enforcement and political will. Queensland land clearing rates fell after 2018 Vegetation Management Act amendments and rose again from 2020. EPBC Act referrals are very rarely rejected. Climate Change Act targets are aspirational until sectoral policy bites.
What is water markets?Show answer
The Murray-Darling Basin water market is one of the most developed in the world. Around 1,000 GL of water entitlements trade annually. Allowed water to move to higher-value uses but also concentrated entitlements in fewer hands and reduced flow predictability for downstream users.
What is biodiversity offsets?Show answer
NSW Biodiversity Offsets Scheme (Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016). Developers pay into a trust fund for habitat restoration to offset impacts. Around $300 million held by the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Trust. Effectiveness debated; restoration takes decades to match cleared mature habitat.
What is carbon credits?Show answer
Australian Carbon Credit Units (ACCUs) under the Emissions Reduction Fund (now Climate Solutions Fund). Around 200 Mt ACCUs issued since 2015. The 2022 Chubb Review identified integrity concerns with some method types; reforms underway.
What is payment for ecosystem services?Show answer
Smaller scale but growing. Reef Credits scheme pays farmers for reduced sediment runoff to the Great Barrier Reef.
What is evidence base?Show answer
Indigenous-led management produces strong outcomes. Cape York Indigenous Fire Management has reduced wildfire damage and generated carbon credits. WA Kimberley fire abatement has reduced late-dry-season burning. Conservation outcomes on IPAs compare favourably with state-managed reserves.
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