Quick questions on Key influences on HRM: stakeholders, legal, economic, technological, social and ethical (HSC Business Studies)

Stakeholders are the parties with an interest in HRM decisions.

The umbrella federal law governing employment in the national workplace relations system (covering most Australian employees).

Ten minimum standards that apply to every employee in the system. Cannot be reduced by award or enterprise agreement.

Industry- or occupation-specific minimum standards above the NES. Modern Awards cover most industries (Retail, Hospitality, Manufacturing, Banking and Finance, General Retail).

Negotiated collectively between an employer and its employees (often with union representation) for an agreement period (commonly 3-4 years). Must pass the Fair Work Commission's "better off overall test" (BOOT) compared to the underlying award.

State-based WHS Acts based on the Model WHS Act. Duty to provide a safe workplace, consult workers on WHS, manage hazards. Maximum penalties for serious breaches include imprisonment for officers.

Federal and state laws prohibit discrimination on protected grounds (age, sex, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, marital status, pregnancy, family responsibilities). Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) obligations exist for larger employers.

The Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Closing Loopholes No. 1 and 2) Acts of 2023 and 2024 introduced "same job same pay" (labour-hire workers must be paid no less than directly-employed equivalents under the host enterprise agreement), a new definition of casual employment, regulated minimum standards for road-transport contractors and "employee-like" gig workers, and changes to sham contracting penalties.

Markers want stakeholders with influence and worked examples - "the SDA negotiated the 2024 Coles enterprise agreement" not "unions are a stakeholder".